Statistics - Designing a Study

Which of the following could be classified as a census?

• a survey of a percentage of each state’s population about voting choices

• a survey of each student in a school about school lunch options

• a survey of all the children in a supermarket to determine the favorite cereal brands of the general population

• a survey of all the women on Main Street to determine the current movie preferences of all people over age 20

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Researchers periodically reviewed the medical records of a few thousand of the patients taking a certain medication in order to make connections between that medication and these subjects’ general health. This method of gathering data is classified as

• a census.

• a sample survey.

• an experiment.

• an observational study.

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Researchers call random radio listeners on the phone to rank five different popular songs. This research helps radio stations decide which songs to play more often. This method of gathering data is classified as

• a census.

• a sample survey.

• an experiment.

• an observational study.

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Brand Y Cola sponsors a survey of 15,559 residents of Texas to determine which brand of cola they prefer. Forty percent say they prefer Brand X, and 60 percent say they prefer Brand Y. Which of the following is the sample used for the survey ?

• the residents of Texas

• the 15,559 residents

• the 40 percent who prefer Brand X Cola

• the 60 percent who prefer Brand Y Cola

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A small company wants to learn about the exact number of its employees who visit the dentist for regular checkups. Which type of study will best help the company discover this information?

• census

• survey sample

• observational study

• experiment

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A random number generator is used to model the patterns of animals in the wild. This type of study is called

• a survey.

• a random sample.

• an experiment.

• a simulation.

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The population of a town is divided into three age categories. A random sample of each category is surveyed about voting choices. This type of sampling is called

• cluster sampling.

• stratified sampling.

• simple random sampling.

• systematic random sampling.

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Researchers are conducting a survey about what brand of ice cream shoppers prefer. They survey the tenth person who walks into the store and then every fifth person after that. This type of sampling is called

• random sampling.

• stratified sampling.

• systematic random sampling.

• cluster sampling.

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News cameras take an overhead picture of a part of a crowd at an outdoor event. Journalists then count the number of people in the picture and use the sample to estimate the total number of people in the crowd. This process is an example of

• random sampling.

• stratified sampling.

• systematic random sampling.

• cluster sampling.

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At the beginning of a call to the cable company, a message tells customers, “After you finish talking to our customer service representative, you will be asked to take a five-question survey about the level of service you received. It would be appreciated if you could please stay on the line to answer the survey questions.” What type of sampling is the cable company using?

• systematic random sampling

• voluntary sampling

• cluster sampling

• convenience sampling

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