Reading ~ Relationships ~ ideas, or concepts (RI 5.3)

Batik

Batik is a way to decorate cloth with color and designs. This art form started in Indonesia, a country in Southeast Asia.

The first step of batik is to draw a pattern on a piece of cloth. Next, the parts of the cloth that will not be colored are covered with liquid wax. Once the wax has hardened, the cloth is dipped into the dye. The wax prevents colored dyes from reaching the material. Oftentimes, the wax cracks, and dye leaks into the spaces. These cracks cause accidental lines to appear on the cloth. Once the cloth is dyed, it is laid out or hung up to dry. After the cloth is dry, the wax is removed by boiling the cloth in water. The final result is a colorful cloth with interesting designs.

When can the wax be removed from the cloth?

• after the dyes on the cloth are dry

• after the cloth is sold in a store

• after the wax gets cracks in it

• after designs are drawn by artists

Batik

Batik is a way to decorate cloth with color and designs. This art form started in Indonesia, a country in Southeast Asia.

The first step of batik is to draw a pattern on a piece of cloth. Next, the parts of the cloth that will not be colored are covered with liquid wax. Once the wax has hardened, the cloth is dipped into the dye. The wax prevents colored dyes from reaching the material. Oftentimes, the wax cracks, and dye leaks into the spaces. These cracks cause accidental lines to appear on the cloth. Once the cloth is dyed, it is laid out or hung up to dry. After the cloth is dry, the wax is removed by boiling the cloth in water. The final result is a colorful cloth with interesting designs.

What is done before the cloth is dyed with color?

• The cloth is boiled in hot water.

• Some areas are covered with wax.

• Some wax breaks and makes cracks.

• The cloth is left out to dry.

How to Straighten a Crooked Picture

The easiest way to make sure that a picture is hung straight is to place a carpenter's level on top of the frame. Here's how to do it without the aid of a level.

Steps:

Step 1: Use a tape measure to measure the distance between both bottom corners of the picture frame and the floor.

Step 2: Adjust the frame until the corners are equal distance from the floor. For example, if one corner measures 37 inches above the floor and the other corner is 37 1/4 inches above the floor, adjust the frame until both corners are 37 1/8 inches from the floor.

Step 3: Use a pencil to lightly mark where the frame corners should be. Make sure the marks are not visible at eye level.

Step 4:Use these pencil lines for guidance in the future when you need to restraighten the frame.

Which step tells you to mark the wall with a pencil?

• step 3

• step 4

• step 2

• step 1

How to Straighten a Crooked Picture

The easiest way to make sure that a picture is hung straight is to place a carpenter's level on top of the frame. Here's how to do it without the aid of a level.

Steps:

Step 1: Use a tape measure to measure the distance between both bottom corners of the picture frame and the floor.

Step 2: Adjust the frame until the corners are equal distance from the floor. For example, if one corner measures 37 inches above the floor and the other corner is 37 1/4 inches above the floor, adjust the frame until both corners are 37 1/8 inches from the floor.

Step 3: Use a pencil to lightly mark where the frame corners should be. Make sure the marks are not visible at eye level.

Step 4:Use these pencil lines for guidance in the future when you need to restraighten the frame.

What should you do right before you adjust the frame until the corners are equal distance from the floor?

• measure the distance between the bottom corners of the picture frame and the floor

• take the frame off of the wall and measure how wide and tall the wall is

• use pencil lines for future guidance when you need it to restraighten the frame

• use a pencil to lightly mark where the frame corners should be on the wall

Tooth Decay

Tooth decay is a problem that affects both children and adults. Have you ever wondered why our teeth decay? It is the harmful bacteria that live in our mouth that cause our teeth to decay. When we eat starchy or sugary foods, the bacteria in our mouth use the sugar and starch in the food and turn them into acids. If the teeth are not cleaned well after eating, some of the food remains stuck to the teeth. These unwanted food particles combine with the acids, bacteria, and saliva¹ in our mouth to form plaque. Plaque is made up of acids and can stick to the teeth. The acid in the plaque slowly wears away the protective hard outer cover on the teeth called the enamel.

If a tooth is attacked by acids repeatedly, a white spot may first appear on the enamel. This spot shows that the tooth is beginning to decay. Over time, the acid destroys the enamel and causes holes to form on the tooth. These holes are known as cavities. Once a cavity is formed, it is permanent and can be repaired only by a dentist. However, cavities take time to form. The saliva in the mouth protects our teeth to a certain level.

1. the liquid produced in the mouth to help swallow food

What happens before plaque forms on the tooth?

• The bacteria in the mouth turn food into acids.

• A white spot appears on the enamel.

• The acid in the plaque wears away the enamel.

• The enamel is destroyed and holes are formed.

Tooth Decay

Tooth decay is a problem that affects both children and adults. Have you ever wondered why our teeth decay? It is the harmful bacteria that live in our mouth that cause our teeth to decay. When we eat starchy or sugary foods, the bacteria in our mouth use the sugar and starch in the food and turn them into acids. If the teeth are not cleaned well after eating, some of the food remains stuck to the teeth. These unwanted food particles combine with the acids, bacteria, and saliva¹ in our mouth to form plaque. Plaque is made up of acids and can stick to the teeth. The acid in the plaque slowly wears away the protective hard outer cover on the teeth called the enamel.

If a tooth is attacked by acids repeatedly, a white spot may first appear on the enamel. This spot shows that the tooth is beginning to decay. Over time, the acid destroys the enamel and causes holes to form on the tooth. These holes are known as cavities. Once a cavity is formed, it is permanent and can be repaired only by a dentist. However, cavities take time to form. The saliva in the mouth protects our teeth to a certain level.

1. the liquid produced in the mouth to help swallow food

What happens to the tooth after a white spot appears on the enamel?

• The plaque sticks to the teeth.

• The saliva repairs the enamel.

• The cavity is repaired by a dentist.

• A hole known as a cavity is formed.