18.1 Europe in Crisis

[Preview] The Protestant Reformation (Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII, etc.) caused Europe to be divided between ____ and ____. Select TWO from this list.

• Protestants (Lutherans, Calvinists, etc.)

• Catholics

• Muslims

• Atheists

• Buddhists

[p1] Which of these statements describes King Philip II? Select THREE from this list.

• He was the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the 1500s.

• He was the son of Emperor Charles V.

• Philip ruled Spain, much of America, Milan, Naples, Sicily, and the Netherlands.

• He became Holy Roman Emperor after his father died.

• He was a quiet & peaceful Lutheran.

[p1] How did Philip's Holy League against the Turks work out?

• Spain & its allies won a "stunning victory" at Lepanto in 1571.

• The Turks smashed the Holy League & conquered Sicily.

• Spanish troops attacked the Turks at Rome in 1527.

[p2] What part of Philip's empire rebelled, led by William the Silent of Orange, and why did it rebel?

• The Netherlands rebelled because of Philip's attempts to impose Catholicism & crush Calvinism there.

• Naples rebelled because King Philip attempted to impose new taxes on property there.

• Spain's American territories rebelled because the mestizos & mulattoes believed that "all men are created equal."

• France rebelled because Philip attempted to force all Jews to move to France in 1588.

[p2] How does the text describe the rule of Elizabeth Tudor in England? Mark THREE of these.

• England became leader of Europe's Protestant nations.

• The Church of England followed a moderate Protestantism.

• Elizabeth followed a moderate foreign policy, balancing France & Spain against each other.

• Elizabeth aggressively imposed Catholicism in England & Scotland.

• England declined in power & became a puppet of Spain.

[p3] What happened to the Spanish Armada sent by Philip to invade England in 1588?

• It was battered by the faster English ships, then pounded by storms as it sailed around Scotland & Ireland. Less than half the fleet returned to Spain.

• In an epic battle near Portsmouth, the Spanish fleet destroyed the English ships, then landed a large army on the beaches.

• The fleet fought the English ships at the Isle of Wight & at Gravelines. The heavier & armored English ships sank the entire Spanish Armada.

[p3] Who were the Huguenots?

• French Protestants influenced by Calvin, about 7% of French population, but nearly half of the nobility.

• Lutheran & Calvinist terrorists in France who used gunpowder to blow up Parliament.

• French Catholics determined to resist Protestantism, having the loyalty of northern & northwestern France.

[p4] When Henry VI of France became king, what did he do to resolve the French Wars of Religion?

• convert to Catholicism

• convert to Protestantism

• invade England

• attack Spain

[p4] The Edict of Nantes was...

• a rapid increase in prices

• the French grant of rights to Huguenots

• one who does not conform to established doctrine

• a fleet of ships

[p4] What is/was inflation?

• a rapid increase in prices

• a fleet of ships

• one who does not conform to established doctrine

• the French grant of rights to Huguenots