18.2 War & Revolution in England

[Preview] Who is the current King of England (2022)?

• Elizabeth II

• William

• Charles III

• Catherine (Kate)

[p1] James I of England struggled with Parliament because he believed in...

• sharing power & duties with Parliament.

• the divine right of kings.

• the Puritan religion.

• Catholicism.

[p1] Which of these statements defines "divine right of kings"?

• The belief that the king gets his power from God and not from his subjects

• Specific rights that cannot be taken away

• English Protestants who believed that the Church of England needed further reform (purified) & sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

• Supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War

[p2] Where did many English Puritans go, rather than accept Charles' rule of the Church of England?

• America (esp. Massachusetts)

• Russia

• Spain's colonies in America (esp. Colombia)

• France

[p2] Which side in the English Civil War were the supporters of Parliament against the king, & were led by Oliver Cromwell & his New Model Army?

• Roundheads

• Cavaliers

[p2] What did Cromwell do in 1649 after defeating the Cavaliers? Select THREE from this list.

• Purged Parliament of any who didn't support him

• Had the king beheaded on January 30, 1649

• Abolished the monarchy ("no more king!") & made England a commonwealth (republic)

• Forced England to convert to Catholicism

• Made himself the new King of England

[p3] How did England's government change after Cromwell's death in 1658?

• The army (& Parliament) restored the monarchy & made the previous king's son, Charles II, the new King of England.

• A constitutional convention met in London & drafted a new federal constitution with three branches of government.

• The people of England voted to make Oliver Cromwell's son the new military dictator.

[p3] What important difference between Parliament (& most Englishmen) and King Charles II (& King James II too) led to mistrust & suspicion?

• King Charles II & King James II were Catholics, while Parliament was strongly Protestant.

• King Charles II & King James II were Scottish, while Parliament hated the Scots.

• Parliament wanted to establish colonies in America, but the kings opposed these as wastes of money.

[p4] What led up to the Glorious Revolution?

• A bloody war between William of Orange and his father-in-law, James

• The desertion of many of James II's soldiers as well as the defection of his daughter, Mary

• The passage of a Bill of Rights giving Parliament more power

• The formation of a limited, or constitutional, monarchy

[p5] What form of government did England create for itself through the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89?

• An absolute monarchy, with all power in the hands of the king

• A constitutional monarchy, with power shared between the king & an elected Parliament

• A republic, with all power in the hands of the people's representatives in Parliament

• A military dictatorship, with all power in the hands of the military & its supreme general