19.1 The Rise & Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

[Preview] What is a "strait" in geography?

• A narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

• A valley that is deep and has steep sides.

• A small bay that is sheltered & shaped like a horseshoe.

• A narrow strip of land that connects two larger land masses.

[p1] The Ottoman Turks built a strong military by developing an elite guard of slave-soldiers called (a)   .

[p1] The Ottoman Turks were able to expand their empire because...

• they mastered new firearms technology.

• they were led by the Janissaries.

• they converted Christian men to Islam.

• they were located on the Anatolian Peninsula.

[p1] What were/are the Bosporus & Dardanelles?

• Narrow water passageways (straits) connecting the Black Sea & the Aegean (& Mediterranean) Sea.

• Important castles in present-day Turkey.

• Dependable rivers that provided plentiful water for irrigation in ancient Greece & Turkey.

[p1] What happened at Constantinople in 1453? Select THREE from this list.

• The Ottomans used cannon to bombard the city walls.

• The Ottomans captured & sacked the city, ending the last remnant of the Roman Empire.

• The Ottomans renamed the city Istanbul & made it their capital.

• The Ottomans were defeated by the armies of the Holy League (Spain, Venice, Naples, & Austria).

• The Ottomans used an atomic bomb to completely destroy the city (it has never been rebuilt).

[p2] Which of these territories did the Ottomans conquer between 1453 (fall of Constantinople) & 1571 (naval defeat at Lepanto). Read the text carefully to learn the correct choices.

• Mesopotamia (Iraq), Egypt, & Arabia

• Along the African coast, in the Balkans, & Walachia

• Most of Hungary

• France, Spain, & Portugal

• Most of Ethiopia, plus the Nile River valley

[p3] Gunpowder empires were empires...

• formed by outside conquerors who unified their regions, using firearms to achieve success.

• united by internal rulers through religion.

• formed by alliances of conquerors who divided their regions into many petty kingdoms.

• that produced large amounts of gunpowder for export.

[p3] What was the "harem"?

• "Sacred place," the sultan's private domain where he & his many wives resided.

• The Ottoman sultan's chief adviser who led council meetings & carried the main burdens of state.

• An appointed official of the Ottoman Empire who collected taxes, maintained law & order, and was responsible to the sultan's court.

• A group of religious advisers to the Ottoman sultan, who administered the legal system & schools for Muslims.

[p4] Who was the Ottoman sultan's chief advisor, who led the council meetings & carried the main burdens of the state?

• Grand vizier

• Pashas

• Ulema

• Harem

[p4] Who/what was an Ottoman "pasha"?

• "Sacred place," the sultan's private domain where he & his many wives resided.

• The Ottoman sultan's chief adviser who led council meetings & carried the main burdens of state.

• An appointed official of the Ottoman Empire who collected taxes, maintained law & order, and was responsible to the sultan's court.

• A group of religious advisers to the Ottoman sultan, who administered the legal system & schools for Muslims.