AP Biology Unit 4 Review

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• cAMP
• G Protein
• protein kinase
• protein phosphatase

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

What does a protein phosphatase do?

• removes phosphates
• transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
• activates an enzyme with a signal molecule

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

• travelling of hormones through the air
• travelling of hormones through the blood
• the removal of a phosphate
• a series of molecules that get phosphorylated

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

• phosphorylation cascade
• cAMP
• signal receptors
• phosphatase

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

What is being depicted in the image?

• Amplification of the signal molecule

• Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

• Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

• Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

How do bacteria sense local population density?

• quorum sensing

• bacteria sensing

• signal sensing

• population sensing

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-8