Regents Living Environment

Humans have an effect on ecosystems when they use native grasslands or forested areas for farming or urban use. One negative effect of these changes on the ecosystem is that there will be

• Less biodiversity

• More homes

• Successful economic growth

• Increased food production

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The organisms represented by X are

• Decomposes

• Producers

• Carnivores

• Scavengers

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A certain species of plant serves as the only food for the young larvae of a particular species of butterfly. In a large field, a disease kills all the members of this plant species. As a result of the plant disease, the butterfly population will most likely

• quickly adapt to eat other plants

• disappear from the area

• evolve to form a new species

• enter the adult stage more quickly

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When handling cat litter, humans can potentially be exposed to a harmful single-celled protozoan. Its primary host is the common domestic cat, but it can also live in humans. This protozoan is an example of a

• predator

• producer

• parasite

• scavenger

Certain seaweeds contain a greater concentration of iodine inside their cells than there is in the seawater surrounding them. The energy required to maintain this concentration difference is most closely associated with the action of

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

• vacuoles

• nuclei

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Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

• antibodies

• antibiotics

• white blood cells

• weakened pathogens

An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that

• all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food

• amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule

• single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms

• structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

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White blood cells are most closely associated with which two body systems?

• circulatory and digestive

• immune and circulatory

• digestive and excretory

• excretory and immune

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Carnivorous plants, such as pitcher plants and sundews, live in bogs where many other organisms cannot. Due to the high rate of decomposition occurring in bogs, the environment is acidic and contains very little oxygen and nutrients. The bogs only support certain types of organisms because

• organisms in an environment are not limited by available energy and resources

• the growth and survival of organisms depends upon specific physical conditions

• favorable gene mutations only occur when organisms live in harsh environments

• photosynthetic organisms can only inhabit environments that have a low acidity

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Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful.

Anhidrosis most directly interferes with:

• a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis

• an immune system response to harmless antigens

• the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system

• the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells

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