Second half -- misc 2, spring 2020

Which of the following statements is true?

• Without a clear research question or objective, it would be virtually impossible to reduce the articles initially identified to a manageable number.

• Systematic reviews in a particular area may become so numerous that researchers will undertake a "review of these reviews".

• All or none of the statements are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized control trials rank HIGHEST in the hierarchy of evidence.

• Evidence from intervention studies rank LOWER than evidence from observational studies in the "hierarchy of evidence."

• Evidence from observational studies rank HIGHER than evidence from intervention studies in the "hierarchy of evidence."

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• The title of review studies rarely indicate the actual "type" of review being undertaken.

• Review studies cannot review qualitative research findings (since qualitative findings are specific to the group being studied).

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• For systematic reviews, the criteria used to determine which studies are eligible for review is pre-specified.

• Review studies cannot review qualitative research findings (since qualitative findings are specific to the group being studied).

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• In a meta-analysis, results of a study with a larger sample size will be weighted more heavily than others studies with smaller sample sizes.

• Forest plots are often used to show results of all studies included in the analysis.

• The tendency for journals to publish studies that produce "significant" results can bias systematic reviews.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• Systematic reviews may be open to the criticism that the studies reviewed were "cherry picked" to support a pre-existing viewpoint.

• Narrative reviews may be open to the criticism that the studies reviewed were "cherry picked" to support a pre-existing viewpoint.

• Umbrella reviews may be open to the criticism that the studies reviewed were "cherry picked" to support a pre-existing viewpoint.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• Expert opinion is the highest level of research evidence.

• The "hierarchy of evidence" pertains to the how well evidence produced by different research designs may inform (health) interventions.

• The "narrative" form of literature reviews is the most recently developed type of review studies.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• The central purpose of the Discussion section is to identify the RESEARCH QUESTIONS that drive the study.

• The Discussion section contains the tables and figures that are interpreted in the Results section.

• The Results and Discussion section are often combined into a single section in research articles.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• "Adjusted" results identify the relationship between variables when other variables are controlled for.

• As adjusted odds ratios approach zero, the relationship between variables becomes weaker.

• As adjusted odds ratios approach 1.0, the relationship between variables becomes stronger.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.

Which of the following statements is true?

• The terms "crude" and "adjusted" odds ratio mean the same thing and are used interchangeably.

• The Discussion section typically identifies how findings from other studies do or do not agree with the findings of the results section.

• To avoid rejection by peer reviewers, limitations inherent in a study's design are rarely mentioned.

• All or none of the statements is/are true.