Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

Most producers get energy from the Sun using the process of

• cellular respiration
• chemosynthesis
• photosynthesis
• consumption

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Decomposers are important to ecosystems because they

• return vital nutrients to the ecosystem
• capture energy from the Sun
• are producers
• can be omnivores

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What are the products of photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide and water
• Carbon dioxide and oxygen
• Glucose and oxygen
• Glucose and water

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A consumer gets energy by

• absorbing sunlight.
• breaking down dead organisms.
• soaking it up from the ground.
• feeding on other organisms.

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The cycling of matter is important because

• Matter can be created and destroyed
• Only a limited amount of matter is available so it has to be recycled
• Matter can only be found in a solution
• Bacteria use matter to convert organisms into solar energy

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Plants, animals, and decomposers (which consume dead things) are in a forest ecosystem. Scientists are studying photosynthesis in the forest. Which group or groups of organisms should they study?

• all organisms in the forest

• animals and decomposers

• plants and decomposers

• plants

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A jungle ecosystem has plants, animals, and decomposers (which consume dead things). Scientists are interested in studying cellular respiration in the jungle. Which group or groups of organisms should they study?

• plants

• animals and decomposers

• all organisms in the jungle

• animals

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Giant pandas live wild in the mountains in China, where they eat bamboo from its forests. The number of molecules that store energy has decreased in both the bamboo and the pandas. What has happened to the amount of carbon in the bamboo and the pandas?

The amount of carbon in the bamboo and pandas . . .

• has not changed.

• is not related to the number of molecules that store energy.

• has increased.

• has decreased.

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Climbing ivy grows on the sides of buildings. The ivy on one building has been taking in carbon from the air for several hours.

Is the ivy in sunlight? What has happened to the number of molecules that store energy in the ivy plants?

The ivy . . .

• is in sunlight. The number of molecules that store energy in the ivy has decreased.

• is in sunlight. The number of molecules that store energy in the ivy has increased.

• is not in sunlight. The number of molecules that store energy in the ivy has decreased.

• is not in sunlight. The number of molecules that store energy in the ivy has increased.

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Pea plants have been in the sunlight since early morning. What can the pea plants do because they are in sunlight? What does this mean for the number of energy storage molecules in the pea plants?The pea plants can…

• give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon allows them to make energy storage molecules.

• give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon uses up energy storage molecules.

• take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to break down energy storage molecules.

• take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to make energy storage molecules.

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