This species, Homo neanderthalensis, appeared about ______________ years ago. Our species, Homo sapiens, appeared about 250,000 to 200,000 years ago.

• 300,000

• 300

• 250

• 250,00 - 200,000

Neanderthals probably walked on ________________ and lived in what are now Europe, Asia and the Middle East. They may have looked a lot like modern human and lived in some of the same regions.

• two arms

• two legs

Genetic material in modern people (Homo sapiens) was compared to Neanderthals. The scientists found evidence that long ago, members of the two species _______________.

• Fought each other

• Broke bread together

• Mated

Today, _________percent of the DNA in people from Europe and Asia has been inherited from their ancient Neandertal ancestors.

• 40 to 50

• 50 - 90

• 1 to 4

These three fragments of Neandertal bones yielded the first ______________ evidence of human-Neandertal interbreeding.

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• Mitochondria

The entire genetic code of a species is called its genome, and it is a ______________________________________________ .

• list of all the important genes in the species’ DNA.

• list of all the important proteins in the species’.

Modern Africans do not have Neanderthal DNA, the scientists think that Neanderthals and humans began to interbreed after humans left Africa and entered the Middle East (___________________________________________).

• In Madagascar

• After moving on to colonize the rest of the world

• before moving on to colonize the rest of the world

A tiny terrier and a giant Great Dane still belong to the same species. As long as one is male and the other is female, any two dogs can __________________________ puppies that look like a mix of the two breeds. Dogs can even mate with wolves, jackals and coyotes to produce offspring that can grow up and have their own babies.

• mate and create a litter of

• eat the same nutritious dog food of

• act in the same exact way as

DNA is like an instruction manual for life. Every cell contains DNA molecules, and these molecules include genes, which tell cells what to do. Genes control many aspects of an animal’s looks and behavior.

• Just like in humans.

• Like in all animals.

• Like in plants

• Like in bacteria

• viruses

The health of people may be at stake, too. Dogs and people suffer __________________________ , including heart disease and epilepsy, says Norine Noonan of the College of Charleston in South Carolina.

• from about 1 to 2

• from being annoying to each other

• from that taste dog food

• 400 of the same diseases