AP Psych Review - Unit VI - Learning

Reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.

• Increases; decreases

• Decreases; increases

• Decreases; decreases

• Increases; does not affect

John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.

• discriminative stimulus
• conditioned stimulus
• unconditioned stimulus
• extinguished stimulus

Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long.  Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful.  After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated.  In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)?

• tuna
• nausea
• mayo
• sight of any sandwich

Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. What type of Operational Conditioning is taking place?

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

Dogs stood on an electrified floor. Group 1 was shocked and jumped to a safe spot. Group 2 was shocked but chained and unable to jump. Even when later unchained, group 2 dogs did not try and leave the electrified floor.

• avoidance learning

• learned helplessness

• escapism

• denial

For people who believe that others or outside forces (like luck or horoscopes) control their destiny is called?

• internal locus of control

• coping

• external locus of control

• self-control

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells...

• Efferent neurons

• Afferent neurons

• Mirror neurons

• Motor neurons

• Schwann cells

Marie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on a

• variable ratio
• fixed interval
• fixed ratio
• variable interval

If a child is offered a reward after they earn five A’s on her homework assignments. After her fifth A on a homework assignment, she gets to pick out a new toy, what type of intermittent reinforcement does this display?

• Variable Ratio Schedule - VR

• Fixed Interval Schedule - FI

• Variable Interval Schedule - VI

• Fixed Ratio Schedule - FR

Which is the defintion of extinction?

• No longer an organism species exists

• Getting rid of an unconditioned response

• Diminishing a conditioned response

• Only answering to the stimulus