Abyssal Zone and hydrothermal Vents

Light does not reach the bottom of the ocean, yet certain species live there. Which best explains how species on the bottom of the ocean get energy to live?

• Algae and bacteria produce energy through photosynthesis.
• Hydrothermal vents produce energy through chemical reactions.
• Dead plants and animals produce energy through decomposition.
• Light comes from the core of the earth.

Which ocean zone contains hydrothermal vents?

• Deep zone (abyss)
• Surface zone (sunlight)
• Shallow zone (twilight)
• Midnight zone

Deep ocean technology has discovered organisms in hydrothermal vents that do not rely on sunlight to survive. What do these organisms use as their energy source?

• chemosynthesis
• electrical charge
• hydropower
• thermal heat

Which contributes most in supporting life on the deep ocean floor?

• cold water temperatures
• extreme water pressure
• hydrothermal vents
• lack of predators

The dim light in this disphotic zone has earned it the nickname the "Twilight" zone

• Mesopelagic

• Abyssal

• Epipelagic

• Hadal

Three quarters of the ocean floor lies in this zone

• Abyssal

• Hadal

• Bathypelagic

• Mesopelagic

In the ocean, this abiotic factor increases substantially with depth.

• Temperature

• Pressure

• pH

• Sunlight

Based on your knowledge of density, what temperature do you think it is in the Abyssal zone on the ocean floor?

• 0 degrees C

• 32 degrees F

• -10 degrees F

• 4 degrees C

As depth increases, pressure...

• stays the same
• increases
• decreases
• is stable

How is the black colored smoke from hydrothermal vents created?

• Volcanic Magma + Water = smoke
• Precipitation of minerals when cold meets hot water
• crystallization of carbon
• evaporation of sulfide