Pharmacology Review

A patient is taking a glucocorticoid inhaler. The nurse should advise the patient to do which of the following:

• Use the glucocorticoid inhaler at the first sign of wheezing.

• Take the glucocorticoid inhaler before the beta2 adrenergic agonist inhaler.

• Swish the mouth with water and expel the water from the mouth after use.

Drugs that loosen bronchial secretions are from which of the following groups?

• Decongestants

• Expectorants

• Antitussives

What properties of antihistamine medications result in decreased secretions but also urinary retention and constipation

• Cholinergic

• Antitussive

• Anticholinergic

For quick relief of an asthmatic symptoms, what type of drug would be used first?

• Short-acting inhaled Beta2 agonist

• Inhaled glucocorticoid

• Theophylline preparation

When replacing calcium by the PO route it is essential to also have which of the following to ensure the calcium is absorbed from the GI tract:

• Vitamin D

• Phosphorus

• Sodium

Which of the following physician orders would the nurse question when administering potassium chloride (KCl) IV to a patient with a K of 2.7 [normal range is: 3.5-5 mEq/L]?

• Check for adequate urinary output

• Give 40 mEq KCL undiluted IVP

• Give 40 mEq KCL po

The nurse should instruct the client to take KCl

• With 4 ounces or more of fluid, or at mealtime

• At bedtime; fluid intake is not necessary

• Daily with sips of water

A client’s serum potassium is 6.5 mEq/L. The most effective method to correct this hyperkalemia would be:

• To administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate

• To administer IV sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

• Insulin and glucose administration

An elderly patient in the emergency room was receiving an infusion of Lactated Ringer’s due to dehydration. Two hours later, you find the patient currently has a bounding pulse, is short of breath, has crackles upon auscultation of lung fields and has distended neck veins. What does this patient show signs of?

• Hypervolemia, and needs a decrease in fluids

• Hypovolemia, and needs an increase in fluids

• Nothing; no adjustment is needed

A client is ordered to receive Lactated Ringer’s solution. This is what type of IV solution?

• cyrstalloid

• colloid