The Ming and Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasties

The Chinese belief that China was the Middle Kingdom is an example of...

Hint: The correct answer is a word used to describe a belief that one's culture is superior.

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• Extraterritoriality

• Ethnocentrism

• Filial piety

• The Mandate of Heaven

Which geographic factor directly influenced the early interactions between China and Korea?

Hint: Geographic Context.

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• Location

• Monsoons

• Arid climate

• Tropical savannas

The ethnocentric (the belief that one's culture is superior) attitudes of various Chinese emperors can be attributed (a result of) to the...

Hint: Think of the impact of China's geographic context on its history.

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• Cultural isolation of China

• Failure of other nations to become interested in China

• Interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations

• Great cultural diversity within China’s borders

“The countries beyond the horizon and from the ends of the Earth have all become subjects of our Dynasty and to the most western of the western or the most northern of the northern countries however far away they may be.”

— Ming dynasty official

The primary intent or purpose of this statement about the Ming dynasty was to...

Hint: Think about the term "Middle Kingdom" and what that means.

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• Support European imperialism

• Control the Mongols

• Demonstrate strength and supremacy in China

• Show a spirit of cooperation

“Yesterday, your Ambassador petitioned my Ministers regarding your trade with China…. Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in great abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There is, therefore, no need to import any product manufactured by outside barbarians in exchange for our own goods.”

– Emperor Ch’ien Lung of China to King George III of Britain, 1793

Based on this passage, which type of attitude does the Emperor display?

Hint: Think about the concept of Chinese supremacy and superiority at this time.

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• Empathetic (Feels for others)

• Militaristic

• Imperialistic

• Ethnocentric

Which civilization first developed a civil service system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured porcelain?

Hint: Ming and Qing Dynasties

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• Aztec

• Chinese

• Japanese

• Roman

In the point of view of the Emperor, which foreign policy action was in the best interest of China in 1793?

Hint: Think about the Ming and Qing Dynasties suspicions of foreigners.

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• Maintaining economic Isolation

• Expanding foreign trade

• Increasing international interdependence

• Developing into a colonial power

The Ming dynasty under Emperor Yonglo (Zhu di) used Zheng He’s voyages to...

Hint: Think about the initial purpose of Zheng He's travels. What was he trying to accomplish? Where did he go? What did he do?

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• Secure a border agreement with Mongolia

• Obtain a military alliance with Russia

• Explore North America and South America

• Expand trade with Africa and Southeast Asia

Which conclusion about Zheng He’s voyages is valid based on the information on this map?

Hint: Check each of the possible answers below against the routes depicted on the map. The answer that matches the information on the map is the correct answer.

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• His fleet traveled only as far as the Bay of Bengal

• His expeditions sailed to ports in Asia and Africa

• His fleet conquered and controlled Luzon.

• His expeditions traded directly with the interior of Africa.

During the Ming dynasty, why did China stop investing in overseas naval expeditions?

Hint: Thing about Ethnocentrism and how that could impact China's point of view of the outside world at the time.

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• Many foreigners were imitating Chinese culture.

• Chinese leaders saw little value in exploration and disliked excessive foreign influence.

• People disagreed with Confucius’s demand for more territory.

• Chinese merchants were threatened by foreign competition.