Written in Bone Chapters 1-4 Review

"Archaeologists try to fill in the gaps in the historical record." The word "archaeologist" comes from the word roots archaeo-, meaning "ancient" and -logist, meaning "someone who studies." From these word roots and the context in the quote above, what is the meaning of the word archaeologist?

• A person who hangs out with skeletons

• A detective who solves crimes

• A person who studies history by analyzing artifacts and physical remains

• A smart person

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CCSS.RL.5.1

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CCSS.RI.5.4

What conclusion is presented by the author in Chapter 1 of Written in Bone?

• Archaeologists can locate old graves by looking for soil stains that are the size of a human body or coffin.

• The original James Fort was found using skeletons.

• Forensic anthropologists never found James Fort.

• Soil stains disappear after a few years.

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The caption of this photograph reads: "An archaeologist removes clay from around a palisade post to leave behind a soil cast of the base of each side-by-side log." How would the inclusion of this photograph affect the reader's understanding of the text?

• It emphasizes how hard an archaeologist works.

• It reveals that skeletons are hard to find.

• It reveals that archaeologists don't care about skeletons and only look for buildings and palisade walls.

• It emphasizes how careful archaeologists must be when uncovering artifacts that are buried underground.

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CCSS.RI.1.5

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According to Written in Bone, why wouldn't there be very many historical records left by early colonists?

• They didn't like to document events.

• Early colonists chose to pass down stories orally.

• Many early colonists could not read or write.

• The Native Americans destroyed all the historical records.

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What tools do scientists use to prevent accidentally chipping the bones?

• metal trowels

• tools made of wood or plastic

• metal shovels

• metal brushes

"A forensic anthropologist such as Doug Owsley can gather many significant pieces of evidence by examining the bone in situ." What does in situ mean?

• Digging for bones

• When a skeleton remains in a different position

• In the exact position and place where an object is first found

• Latin for color

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CCSS.RL.5.1

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Why do scientist "pedestal" a skeleton?

• It makes it easier to see the bones and their positions.

• To stand it upright.

• To remove all the flesh from around the bones.

• To place it on higher ground.

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CCSS.RI.6.5

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What are three ways that scientists can determine the age of a deceased person?

• Length of bones, missing teeth, color of soil.

• Length of the leg and arm bones, whether the epiphyses and shafts of long bones are connected with cartilage or fused with bone; presence of absence of teeth.

• Length of bones, missing teeth, color of the soil.

• Missing teeth, missing bones, and color of the soil stain.

Name one skeleton feature that differs between males and females.

• A female's chin is more square than a male's

• Males have a larger brow ridge than females.

• A female's skull usually has a larger back ridge.

• Male and female pelvises are the same size and shape.

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CCSS.RI.6.7

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To determine ancestry, what methods do anthropologists use?

• skull conditions and soil stains.

• observation, laboratory testing, and precise measurements.

• the weight of the skulls.

• precise measurements only.