Organisation of living things

Which of the following statements about the root system is INCORRECT?

• Water moves from the soil into the roots by diffusion.

• Root cells contain chloroplasts.

• The main function of the roots is to anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and mineral ions.

• Branching root systems and root hair cells increase the surface area for absorption.

Which of the following statements about vascular tissue is correct?

• Xylem carries the products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant.

• Xylem carries the water and minerals that have been absorbed in the roots.

• Phloem carries minerals from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

• Movement of substances in phloem occurs in only one direction.

What is the main function of the leaf?

• To absorb sunlight and carry out photosynthesis

• To provide shade for the plant

• To provide food for animals

• To carry out respiration

The leaves of plants are adapted to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight possible.

Which of the following options is NOT an adaptation of the leaf to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight?

• Thin, flat structure

• Palisade mesophyll cells packed with chloroplasts

• Cuticle covering the upper and lower surface of the leaf

• Vertical, elongated palisade cells

Different technologies such as radioactive tracing using radioisotopes can trace the development and movement of the products of photosynthesis.

Using these technologies, it was found that the source of the oxygen gas released in the process of photosynthesis was:

• the water.

• the carbon dioxide gas.

• the glucose.

• both the water and carbon dioxide gas.

In an experiment, two leaves were taken from the same plant and examined under a light microscope. In leaf 1 most of the stomata were closed; in leaf 2, most of the stomata were open.

What is the most likely explanation for this difference?

• Leaf 1 was removed when the plant was still growing; leaf 2 was removed when the plant was mature.

• Leaf 1 was removed when the plant was water stressed; leaf 2 was removed when the plant was not water stressed.

• Leaf 1 was removed on a cold day; leaf 2 was removed on a very hot day.

• Leaf 1 was removed during the day; leaf 2 was removed at night.

Cellular respiration in plants occurs:

• during the day only.

• during the night only.

• during the day and night.

• only when the stomata are open.

The alveoli situated within the lungs is the gaseous exchange surface in mammals.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that would ensure efficient gas exchange?

• The large number of small alveoli provides a large surface area.

• Each alveolus has a single layer of flattened cells.

• The surface of all parts of the respiratory system is moist.

• A small number of capillaries surround each alveolus.

A terrestrial animal has a respiratory system that has openings, called spiracles, that contain valves to regulate their opening and closing. Air enters the spiracle and moves into tracheal tubes which branch into tracheoles that bring the air directly to the cells.

Which of the following correctly identifies the terrestrial animal that possesses this system for gaseous exchange?

• Fish

• Birds

• Insects

• Reptiles

We chew food in order to break it down from large pieces into small pieces to increase its surface area.

This is an example of:

• chemical digestion.

• initial digestion.

• physical digestion.

• mechanical digestion.