The Nervous System

Molecules in a certain medication attach to receptors on nerve cells. This prevents the normal

chemical signal from binding to the receptor. One immediate result of taking this medication might be a disruption in the ability of

• the body to produce reproductive cells

• cells to communicate with each other

• cells to synthesize proteins

• the body to convert inorganic material into organic nutrients

A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram below. Which statement is most closely associated with the diagram?

• Small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion

• Certain molecules are replicated by means of a template

• Receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells.

• Energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal

Two types of human cells are shown in the diagram below. Cell A causes the cells at B to contract. This activity would be most useful for

• lifting a book from a bookshelf

• coordinating the functions of organelles

• digesting food in the small intestine

• carrying out the process of protein synthesis

Which statement accurately compares cells in the human circulatory system to cells in the human nervous system?

• Cells in the circulatory system carry out the same life function for the organism as cells in the nervous system.

• Cells in the circulatory system are identical in structure to cells in the nervous system

• Cells in the nervous system are different in structure from cells in the circulatory system, and they carry out different specialized functions

• Cells in the nervous system act independently, but cells in the circulatory system function together.

In humans, one function of an interneuron is to relay impulses directly from

• receptors to the brain

• receptors to other receptors

• motor neurons to receptors

• a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

Which structures in a human transmit electrochemical messages?

• veins

• lymphocytes

• neurons

• nephrons

In a simple spinal reflex, the pathway for an impulse is along a sensory neuron directly to a motor neuron through

• an effector

• a receptor

• an interneuron

• the brain

In order to stimulate an effector in a toe, which pathway does a nerve impulse follow after it is initiated at a receptor?

• interneuron →sensory neuron →motor neuron

• interneuron →motor neuron →sensory neuron

• sensory neuron →motor neuron →interneuron

• sensory neuron →interneuron →motor neuron

A blind student runs his fingers along a page of braille. Another student reads a page printed in a textbook. Both students are able to obtain and process the information most directly as a result of the activities of the

• sensory neurons and cerebrum

• involuntary muscles and cerebellum

• interneurons and spinal cord

• smooth muscles and medulla

In the human central nervous system, the medulla directly controls

• voluntary activity

• memory

• involuntary activity

• balance