READING COMPREHENSION

The general principles of dynamics are rules that demonstrate a relationship between the motion of bodies and the forces that produce those motions. Based in large part on the work of his predecessors, Sir Isaac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics, which he published in 1687 in his famous Principia.

Prior to Newton, Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest, and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion, a moving body would come to rest. Galileo had succeeded in correctly describing the behaviour of falling objects and in recording that no force was required to maintain a body in motion. He noted that the effect of force was to change motion. Huygens recognized that a change in speed is related to the action of a force. Kepler deduced the laws describing the motion of planets around the sun. It was primarily from Galileo and Kepler that Newton borrowed.

What was the main purpose of this passage?

• To demonstrate the development of Newton’s laws.

• To establish Newton as the authority in the field of physics.

• To discredit Newton’s laws of motion.

• To describe the motion of planets around the sun.

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The general principles of dynamics are:

• rules demonstrating the relationship between the motions of bodies and the forces producing them.

• relationships between bodies and forces.

• motions of bodies and of forces.

• the forces that produce the motions.

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In 1687 Isaac Newton

• deduced three laws of dynamics.

• worked on his predecessors.

• published his famous Principia.

• based a large part of his work.

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Which of the following scientists established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest?

• Galileo

• Kepler

• Aristotle

• Newton

When does a moving body come to rest?

• When there is no force acting upon it.

• When a force maintains motion.

• When a force acts upon it.

• When a force moves it.

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Who was the first scientist to correctly describe the behaviour of falling objects?

• Aristotle

• Newton

• Kepler

• Galileo

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Galileo noted that

• objects rested.

• forces required motion.

• force changed motion.

• bodies motioned.

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Huygens recognized the relationship between a force and

• a change of speed.

• rest.

• bodies.

• objects.

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According to Huygens, an action force induces

• a change in speed.

• a change in mass.

• a change in time.

• a change in behavior.

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Kepler

• described motion and rest.

• deduced the laws that describe the motion of planets around the sun.

• continued Aristotle’s work.

• discovered the laws of motion.

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