Fall of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

-Widespread dissatisfaction with communist practices

-Bureaucratic stagnation within the communist government

-Lack of goods available due to economic inefficiencies

-Demand for independence by different nationalities

Which historic event was caused by these situations?

• Ayatollah Khomeini’s revolution in Iran Aung

• San Suu Kyi’s election to Burma’s parliament

• return of Hong Kong to Chinese control

• breakup of the Soviet Union

The use of political and military power by the Soviet Union in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968 was based on a desire to

• gain control of warm-water ports

• establish democratic governments

• preserve communist control

• spread the Eastern Orthodox Christian faiths

The primary goal of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika for the Soviet Union was the

• restriction of trade

• censorship of the press

• restructuring of the economy

• establishment of five-year plans

Which set of problems most directly contributed to the situation shown in this 1991 cartoon featuring Mikhail Gorbachev?

• refusal to adopt and accept aid from the Marshall Plan

• a forced famine in Ukraine and rebellions in the gulags

• invasions by foreign troops and Soviet cities under military siege

• a deteriorating Soviet economy and secessionist republics desiring independence

Nations such as Hungary that were dominated by the Soviet Union after World War II were most often referred to as

• districts

• satellites

• mandates

• cartels

Immediately after World War II, which country exerted political and economic control over Poland, Hungary, and Romania?

• France

• United States

• Soviet Union

• Great Britain

Changes in the political borders of Eastern European countries during the 1990s were a result of the

• failure of communism

• expansion of the Warsaw Pact

• end of free trade

• decline of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Which leader’s policies included glasnost and perestroika?

• Fidel Castro

• Nikita Khrushchev

• Mikhail Gorbachev

• Deng Xiaoping

The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika and glasnost was to

• expand collectivization and communes

• resume development of Soviet nuclear weapons

• stimulate economic growth and political discussion

• stop expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into Eastern Europe

What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe to do?

• shift to a command economy

• maintain a communist form of government

• pursue free-market economic policies

• join the Warsaw Pact