The Cold War

During the 1960s, the escalation of United States involvement in the Vietnam War was based on the belief that

• restoring French colonial power was necessary for political stability in Southeast Asia
• a strong military presence would limit Japanese trade with Vietnam
• a North Vietnamese victory would lead to further losses as predicted by the domino theory
• a cease-fire agreement would increase college protests

Following World War II, the United States adopted the foreign policy of containment primarily to

• return to pre-war isolationism
• limit the spread of communism
• force European nations to end colonialism
• support the work of the World Court

In 1962, President John F. Kennedy responded to the discovery of nuclear missiles in Cuba by

• ordering a naval quarantine of Cuba
• capturing strategic locations in Cuba
• threatening to invade the Soviet Union
• prohibiting travel to the southeastern United States

The United States responded to the Berlin blockade in 1948 by

• boycotting German-made imports
• building the Berlin Wall
• stopping all traffic leaving Berlin
• airlifting food and supplies into Berlin

A main goal of President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente was to

• sponsor free elections in North Korea
• negotiate an end to the Arab-Israeli conflict
• end diplomatic relations with China
• reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

McCarthyism of the early 1950s resulted in

• the end of the arms race
• reduced spending on national defense
• increased discrimination against returning veterans
• damage to the reputations of many innocent people

The main argument used by President Richard Nixon to block publication of the Pentagon Papers was that their disclosure would

• damage his environmental policies
• jeopardize trade relationships
• harm the prosperity of the nation
• threaten national security

The United States created the Marshall Plan (1947) as a program to

• develop an atomic bomb
• increase civil defense during the Cold War
• provide economic aid to war-damaged Europe
• deliver weapons to Nationalist China

The Cuban missile crisis was effectively ended when the

• Soviet Union agreed to withdraw weapons from Cuba
• Bay of Pigs invasion removed Fidel Castro from power
• Cuban authorities signed new trade agreements with the United States
• United States announced the formation of the Alliance for Progress

The presidency of Richard Nixon was weakened by his

• policies on the environment
• trip to the People’s Republic of China
• foreign policy toward the Soviet Union
• involvement in the Watergate scandal