Earth Science, First Semester

Consider how sedimentary rocks are formed; from sediments! What two processes are responsible for (a) making the particles that become sediments and (b) moving the particles that become sediments?

• gravity and erosion

• weatering and gravity

• sedimentation and deposition

• weathering and erosion

Which is NOT an example of uniformitarianism?

• Soil formed by weathering or rocks and how layers of sediment accumlate on Earth's surface.

• A volcano eruption that spews out lava which forms basalt.

• Rivers eroding valleys which build deltas gradually.

• Planting a tree after cutting one down.

What are the two processes that cause the lithospheric plates to move? (*Think about the Mystery Lab and what we learned with the different colored water and temperature!)

• Gravity & Mass

• Covection & Gravity

• Mass & Convetion

• Convection & Density

Fossils of a now extinct dinosaur have been found near the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. The dinosaur could not swim or fly. What does this suggest about the continents of South America and Africa?

• The continents were once connected.

• A land bridge once connected the continents.

• The same type of animals evolved on both continents.

• Prehistoric man transported the dinosaur between the continents.

All BUT ONE statement provides evidence supporting plate tectonics, through data collected at the sites of sea floor spreading. That is

• paleomagnetic reversals in specific areas of the sea floor.

• a large occurrence of earthquakes along specific lines within the Earth's oceans.

• an increase in the thickness of ocean crust as you move away from the area of spreading.

• the presence of unique species in remote locations, such as Australia and New Zealand.

Which type of stress results when two tectonic plates diverge?

• compression

• shear

• force

• tension

Where does the energy of an earthquake originate?

• heat from Earth's interior

• Earth's magnetic field

• the building of volcanos

• motion of tectonic plates

What process does the image represent?

• Creation of rift valleys by divergence of tectonic plates.

• Formation of oceanic trench by subduction of tectonic plates.

• Convergence of tectonic plates; creation of mountain.

• Spreading of new crust near a mid-oceanic ridge.

Which of these would be caused by a chemcial change?

• The formation of lava.

• Sedimantary rock layering over time.

• Metamorphic rock forming from igneous.

• Metamorphic rock eroding to form sedimentary rock.

Fish fossils have been found in some places where there is no longer any water. Sometimes, they are found on tops of mountains. What is the BEST explanation for why the fish fossils were found in these places with no water?

• Fish used to live on land.

• These places were once underwater.

• The fossils caused the water to dry up.

• These places had fish that climbed the mountains.