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The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under the surface of the earth becomes hotter the deeper it gets. At depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks.

When rock melt,it expands and needs a lot more space.in other areas of the world mountains are being uplifted. The pressure is not so great under these rising mountain ranges and so a resevoir of melted rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the pressure in the resevoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,it erupts as a volcano.

During eruption, hot gaseus liquid, or solid material is actually blown out. The material piles up arround the opening and a cone – shaped moound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano.

The purpose of the text is ...

• To describe what a volcano is

• To relate people’s suffers because of eruption.

• To describe how to survive from eruptions

• To explain how volcanoes are formed

The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under the surface of the earth becomes hotter the deeper it gets. At depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks.

When rock melt,it expands and needs a lot more space.in other areas of the world mountains are being uplifted. The pressure is not so great under these rising mountain ranges and so a resevoir of melted rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the pressure in the resevoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,it erupts as a volcano.

During eruption, hot gaseus liquid, or solid material is actually blown out. The material piles up arround the opening and a cone – shaped moound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano.

What is magma…..

• Hot gases liquid

• Melted rock

• Solid material in the Earth

• Cracks formed in a mountain

The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under the surface of the earth becomes hotter the deeper it gets. At depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks.

When rock melt,it expands and needs a lot more space.in other areas of the world mountains are being uplifted. The pressure is not so great under these rising mountain ranges and so a resevoir of melted rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the pressure in the resevoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,it erupts as a volcano.

During eruption, hot gaseus liquid, or solid material is actually blown out. The material piles up arround the opening and a cone – shaped moound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano.

What is the depth of Earth like ?

• It is full of rocks

• We find piles of rock

• It is deeper and hotter

• The air pressure is less than the surface’s

“When the pressure in the resevoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it , it erupts as volcano” (paragraph 3 ).the underlined word refers to...

• A volcano

• The magma

• The roof resevoir

• The surface

Garua

Unlike other kinds of fog, the distinctive fog in the northern region of South America, which is called Garua, is clear and humid, but contain water. This distinctive fog occurs along the northern coastline of Chile and Peru. Cars that pass though the area have to use their wipers. Apparently, instead of blurring the drivers’ vision with a mist,these fogs wet the windshield of their cars with water droplets that they have to constantly wipe. People refer to this natural phenomenon as Garua, which means drizzle or mist in Spanish,

Garua is caused by the Humboldt current, which is the cold current that flows on the northern part of South American’s coastline, including Peru. When the arm Pacific air meets the Humboldt current in the sea, they form regular fog in the ocean area. However, when the wind from the Pacific Ocean blows regular fog to land with temperature of approximately 27⁰ Celsius or higher, it changes its forms. The regular misty fog becomes much clearer when it reaches the land on the coastline. It happens because when the water the fog evaporates, those water droplets become much smaller than they were. Eventually, the will turn into the invisible clear wet fog known as Garua.

This phenomenon is also caused by the climate and the rainfall of Southern America. Rain rarely occurs along the center of the Pacific coastline area. In some regions, rainfall is less than 10 millimeters per year. This is also includes the region of Lima, Peru. The intensity of rain rarely goes beyond 12 millimeters in a month. This kind of dry climate and the constant high temperature lead to the occurrence of this clear humid fog,Garua.

What is the text about ?

• The process of how Garua is form

• Instruction how to drive in a fog

• Description of Garua

• Tips to avoid Garua

What is Garua ?

• A fog that is more dangerous than other fogs

• A fog that happens in pacific coastline

• A fog that happens along the coastline Chile and Peru

• A fog that happen in Spain

How is garua different from other fogs ?

• It is darker than other fogs

• It is clearer than other fogs

• happens together with hand winds

• It only happen in the middle of the Pacific Ocean

When fossil,or other fuels, such as wood or peat, are burn, carbon dioxide is released into atmsphere.vehicles also give out and add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Earth’s atmosphere allows most of the sun rays to pass it to heat Earth’s surface. Earth reflects much of the heat energy back into the atmosphere , but much of this reflected radiation cannot escape. Gases such as carbon dioxide absorb it. They grow warm and send heat radiation back to Earth.this is called the greenhouse effect. Many scientists think that the greenhouse effect may change the clmate over the next years agoo or so. One consequence of so called “ global warming “ resulting from the greenhouse effect could be melting of the polar ice caps. This, in turn could lead a rise in sea level which could floor large areas of highly populated coastal land.

If carbon dioxide proves to be harmful as thought, in order to reduce carbon dioxide levels we need to reduce the amounts of carbon rich fuels burned

The text above tells about ...

• Fossil fuels

• The danger of carbon dioxide

• Greenhouse effects

• Earth’s atmosphere

When fossil,or other fuels, such as wood or peat, are burn, carbon dioxide is released into atmsphere.vehicles also give out and add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Earth’s atmosphere allows most of the sun rays to pass it to heat Earth’s surface. Earth reflects much of the heat energy back into the atmosphere , but much of this reflected radiation cannot escape. Gases such as carbon dioxide absorb it. They grow warm and send heat radiation back to Earth.this is called the greenhouse effect. Many scientists think that the greenhouse effect may change the clmate over the next years agoo or so. One consequence of so called “ global warming “ resulting from the greenhouse effect could be melting of the polar ice caps. This, in turn could lead a rise in sea level which could floor large areas of highly populated coastal land.

If carbon dioxide proves to be harmful as thought, in order to reduce carbon dioxide levels we need to reduce the amounts of carbon rich fuels burned

What effect does carbon dioxide have on atmosphere ?

• It sends warm radiation to earth

• It makes the atmosphere warmer

• It makes the atmosphere darker to long wave radiation

• It makes the atmosphere allow most of the sun rays to pass through it to heat Earth’s surface.

One danger of greenhouse effect is ...

• It reflects much of the heat energy back into the atmosphere

• It produces heat that could affect the climate

• It will flood Earth

• It will damage the weather.