1_TPS BAHASA INGGRIS UTBK

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral, and aesthetic development. Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching, and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand, and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering. This can lead to political abuse of the system, particularly in totalitarian states and governments.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

What does the passage mainly deal with?

• formal education

• varieties of education

• curriculum development

• modern education system

• pedagogy transformation

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral, and aesthetic development. Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching, and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula.

Based on the passage, the word “conduct” in line 1 means ….

• manner

• model

• control

• principle

• management

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral, and aesthetic development. Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching, and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand, and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering. This can lead to political abuse of the system, particularly in totalitarian states and governments.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

One function of education which can be wrongly practiced is referred to as ...

• social engineering

• higher education

• political abuse

• policy making

• primary education

In today's economy vocational jobs are becoming more and more important. This is why vocational education programs are popular. Vocational education training provides career and technical education to interested students. These students are prepared as trainees for jobs; jobs that are based upon manual or practical fields or jobs that are related to specific trades, occupations, and vocations.

Instructors teach students the knowledge required for their field. Community colleges have long been offering vocational education. These colleges around the country pro-vide certificates in various vocational fields. They also offer certain degree programs that focus on some popular occupations. The vocational field expands each year to include new fields.

The training for vocational jobs requires less education than four year degree programs. They are also much less expensive. Instructors at this level of education use traditional methods of teaching. They use lesson plans, teacher resources, worksheets, another tools in this process. One difference to other education programs is the on-the-job training component. Many students will have the opportunity to work in their field while being educated. Some will be accepted into valuable apprenticeship programs. Some of the jobs in vocational fields include construction workers, blacksmiths, and steel workers. Today, there are other great choices of vocational jobs.

These include retail, tourism, and cosmetology. Also, there are some portions of the information technology field taught. This allows students to decide from a variety of career choices.

What is the topic of the passage?

• Jobs based upon manual or practical fields

• Increased opportunities for vocational career

• Vocational education for vocational jobs

• Variety of choices of vocational jobs.

• Training programs for vocational jobs

These students are prepared as trainees for jobs; jobs that are based upon manual or practical fields or jobs that are related to specific trades, occupations, and vocations.

The word "manual" means ....

• hand-operated

• customary

• doable

• habitual

• concrete

In today's economy vocational jobs are becoming more and more important. This is why vocational education programs are popular. Vocational education training provides career and technical education to interested students. These students are prepared as trainees for jobs; jobs that are based upon manual or practical fields or jobs that are related to specific trades, occupations, and vocations.

Instructors teach students the knowledge required for their field. Community colleges have long been offering vocational education. These colleges around the country pro-vide certificates in various vocational fields. They also offer certain degree programs that focus on some popular occupations. The vocational field expands each year to include new fields.

The training for vocational jobs requires less education than four year degree programs. They are also much less expensive. Instructors at this level of education use traditional methods of teaching. They use lesson plans, teacher resources, worksheets, another tools in this process. One difference to other education programs is the on-the-job training component. Many students will have the opportunity to work in their field while being educated. Some will be accepted into valuable apprenticeship programs. Some of the jobs in vocational fields include construction workers, blacksmiths, and steel workers. Today, there are other great choices of vocational jobs.

These include retail, tourism, and cosmetology. Also, there are some portions of the information technology field taught. This allows students to decide from a variety of career choices

The following statements are true based on the passage, except ....

• tourism is a potential field in vocational education

• every year new areas of vocational education are developed

• on-the-job training is a typical component of vocational education programs

• retail companies open new opportunities for vocational jobs

• now a days young people prefer practical jobs

The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as 'educational' are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn.

Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases.

However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases. Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development.

Physical activity, reading, and other more 'traditional' activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities.

The author reminds readers to be more careful with commercialism in free applications in paragraph(s) ....

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as 'educational' are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn.

Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases.

However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases. Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development.

Physical activity, reading, and other more 'traditional' activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities.

How does the idea in sentence 6 relate to the other ideas in paragraph 2?

• Sentence 6 elaborates the other ideas in paragraph 2

• Sentence 6 is the result of the other ideas in paragraph 2

• Sentence 6 strongly contradicts the other ideas in paragraph 2

• Sentence 6 is the implementation of the theory discussed in paragraph 2

• Sentence 6 provides another type of free applications discussed in paragraph 2

The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as 'educational' are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn.

Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases.

However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases. Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development.

Physical activity, reading, and other more 'traditional' activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities.

The author would apparently agree that ....

• open-ended games can stimulate children's love for learning

• some games and applications are boring because they are too easy

• there is no convincing prediction for the future of the games and apps

• it is better to pay for games in advance so that children can learn freely

• apps star rating provides users with reviews on the good things of games and apps

Human brain structure is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, each with multiple parts.

The Cerebrum: Also known as the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, and it is associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. Nerve cells make up the gray surface, which is a little thicker than our thumb. White nerve fibers beneath the surface carry signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and body. Its wrinkled surface increases the surface area, and is a six-lay ered structure found in mammals, called the neocortex. It is divided into four sections, called “lobes”. They are; the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe.

Frontal Lobe – The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated with our brain’s ability to reason, organize, plan, speak, move, make facial expressions, serial task, problem solve, control inhibition, spontaneity , initiate and self-regulate behaviors, pay attention, remember and control emotions.

Parietal Lobe – The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our complex behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial orientation. It play s important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of our body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Portions are involved with our visuospatial processing, language comprehension, the ability to construct, body positioning and movement, neglect/inattention, left-right differentiation and self-awareness/insight.

Occipital Lobe – The occipital lobe is located at the back of our brain, and is associated with our visual processing, such as visual recognition, visual attention, spatial analy sis (moving in a 3-D world) and visual perception of body language; such as postures, expressions and gestures.

Temporal Lobe – The temporal lobe is located near our ears, and is associated with processing our perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (including our ability to focus on one sound among many, like listening to one voice among many at a party), comprehending spoken language, verbal memory , visual memory and language production (including fluency and word-finding), general knowledge and autobiographical memories.

A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres. And, while the two hemispheres look almost symmetrical, each side seems to function differently. The right hemisphere is considered our creative side, and the left hemisphere is considered our logical side. A bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two hemispheres.

What is the main idea of the passage?

• The description of surface carry signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and body.

• The explanation about a bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two hemispheres

• The overview about the structure and function of the human brain.

• The findings of the important roles of parietal lobe in integrating sensory information from various parts of our body

• The argument of the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli in human brain