Final Exam

The healthy human immune system responds to pathogens with both specific and nonspecific processes. Which of the following models represents a nonspecific response?

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What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?

• An allergy

• Cell-mediated immunity

• An autoimmune disease

• Inflammatory response

After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?

• The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.

• The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.

• The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.

• The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?

• antibodies to a disease bacterium

• live, inactive viruses

• weakened viruses or antigens from the virus

• blood from a person who has had the disease

Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?

• Antibiotics should no longer be used.

• Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.

• Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.

• Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.

Many times people visit the doctor requesting antibiotics to treat colds and viral infections. How is the doctor justified in offering the patient treatment options that do not include antibiotics for these cases?

• Colds and viruses should be first treated with viral therapies and then when the body begins to recover, antibiotics can be used. Otherwise, the use of antibiotics is not effective at all.

• Side effects from antibiotics are severe when used for colds and viruses. Any use of antibiotics for colds and viruses will only make the patient more ill and ultimately make the patient's recovery time longer.

• Antibiotics can weaken the immune system when used for colds and viruses, whereas other medications are not so hard on the immune system during these types of illnesses.

• If a doctor provides an antibiotic to treat colds and viruses, any bacteria in the patient's body will be killed, but a few will survive. Those few survivors may become resistant to antibiotics needed for real bacterial illnesses.

What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?

• mitosis
• meiosis
• replication
• transcription

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct order?

• Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

• Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

How many chromosomes to do most human cells have?

• 2

• 46

• 92

• Identical to your age

Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.

• Prophase

• Anaphase

• Interphase

• Metaphase