4.PS3: Energy

A disc golfer throws a disc two separate times while playing a round of disc golf.

The disc golfer observes that when thrown at the same angle, the disc drops to the ground more quickly on the second throw. Based on the disc golfer’s observation, which statement is true about the disc on the second throw?

• The disc has more kinetic energy after it lands.

• The disc has more kinetic energy when released.

• The disc has less kinetic energy after it lands.

• The disc has less kinetic energy when released.

A student kicks a soccer ball into a goal. The speed of the ball is reduced when it hits the net.

What conclusion can be drawn about the kinetic energy of the ball upon hitting the net?

• The ball’s kinetic energy decreases because its speed increases.

• The ball’s kinetic energy increases because its speed decreases.

• The ball’s kinetic energy increases because its speed increases.

• The ball’s kinetic energy decreases because its speed decreases.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

How can the kinetic energy of a moving object be decreased?

• Change the color of the object.

• Change the temperature of the object.

• Decrease the speed of the object.

• Increase the mass of the object.

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A student is pushing a toy car down a ramp. If the student places the toy car on the ramp again and increases the force used to push the toy car, what will happen?

• The kinetic energy will increase, and the toy car will go faster.

• The kinetic energy will decrease, and the toy car will go faster.

• The potential energy will increase, and the toy car will go slower.

• The potential energy will decrease, and the toy car will go slower.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Two objects (D and T) with the same mass move away from each other at the same speed. What conclusion can be drawn about the kinetic energy of each object?

• Object D has more kinetic energy than object T.

• Objects D and T have equal kinetic energy.

• Object D has less kinetic energy than object T.

• Objects D and T have no kinetic energy.

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A list of objects is shown in a table.

1. Moving Bus
2. Glass kept on a table
3. Pebble rolling down a hill
4. Car parked in a garage

Which object(s) possess(es) kinetic energy?

• 1 only

• 4 only

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 4

What is potential energy?

• The energy an object has due to its motion.

• The energy an object has due to its position.

• The energy that increases the mass of an object.

• The energy that increases the temperature of an object.

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Which is an example of kinetic energy?

• a book sitting on a shelf

• a ball rolling down a hill

• a runner about to start a race

• a window getting hot from the sun

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Which BEST describes the flow of energy as the orange falls and hits the ground?

• Solar energy → Potential energy → Heat energy

• Potential energy → Sound energy → Heat energy

• Kinetic energy → Potential energy → Sound energy

• Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Sound energy

As a roller coaster car travels down the ramp

• The potential energy increases.

• The potential energy decreases.

• The potential energy shows no change.

• The potential energy increases and then decreases