SOB, DPT

Dyspnea may be defined as;

• •an increase in the respiratory rate above normal

• •Increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need

• •Rise in minute ventilation

• •Subjective sense or perception of uncomfortable breathing

• •Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position

•Tachypnoea defined as

• an increase in the respiratory rate above normal

• •Increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need

• •Rise in minute ventilation

• •Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position

• •Subjective sense or perception of uncomfortable breathing

•Hyperventilation is

• •Increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need

• Subjective sense or perception of uncomfortable breathing

• •Rise in minute ventilation

• Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position

• •an increase in the respiratory rate above normal

•Orthopnoea is

• Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position

• •Increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need

• •Rise in minute ventilation

• •an increase in the respiratory rate above normal

• Subjective sense or perception of uncomfortable breathing

•Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

• Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position

• •Rise in minute ventilation

• •an increase in the respiratory rate above normal

• •Increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need

• •Sensation of shortness of breath at night is usually relieved in the upright position.

A young female develped Shortness of breath when she lifts heavy wight, she also complaints of severe chest pain. No cough or fever. She commonly developed;

• •Pneumothorax

• •Pneumonia

• •Pulmonary embolism

• •Silent myocardial infarction

• •Psychogenic

Chronic Dyspnea occurs in following condition;

• Pnemonia

• Pneumothorax

• Pulmonary Embolism

• Heart Failure

• Psychogenic

Most important mode of therapy in Dyspnea is

• Upright position

• Oxygen Therapy

• Non Invasive ventilation

• Mechanical ventilation

• Reassurance

Most common cause of Palpitation is;

• Stress and Anxiety

• Fever

• Thyrotoxicosis

• Low BP

• Low sugar

Following is most important initial investigation in Palpitation

• Echocardiography

• ECG

• X-Ray

• Blood Sugar

• Complete Blood count