TPAH Unit 4 - Antebellum Reform Movements

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education. He was a prominent proponent of public school reform. He normalized the standard for public schools throughout the nation.

• Dorothea Dix

• Horace Mann

• Andrew Jackson

• Sojourner Truth

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

• Dorothea Dix

• Horace Mann

• Henry Clay

• Sojourner Truth

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Black Americans, and Native Americans.

• The Protestant Reformation

• The Great Awakening

• The Second Great Awakening

• The Puritan Revivals

economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves. It also made wage work increasingly more common than agricultural work.

• American System

• Market Revolution

• Industrial Revolution

• Urbanization

An international movement that between approximately 1780 and 1890 succeeded in condemning slavery as morally repugnant and abolishing it in much of the world; the movement was especially prominent in Britain and the United States.

• Women's Rights

• The Underground Railroad

• Abolition

• Suffrage

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.

• Transcendentalism

• Transgressionism

• Secularism

• Stoicism

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

• The American Women's Convention

• The Freewoman's Convention

• The Seneca Falls Convention

• The Sentiments Convention

Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the deaths of 60 whites and raised fears among white southerners of further uprisings. Led to support for passing the Fugitive Slave Act

• Nat Turner's Rebellion

• John Brown & Harper's Ferry

• Bleeding Virginia

• The Underground Railroad

Communities founded by reformers and transcendentalists to help realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from the competition of modern industrial society.

• Utopias

• Dystopias

allowed government officials to arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave; all that was needed to take away someone's freedoms was word of a white person; northerners required to help capture runaways if requested, suspects had no right to trial

• The Runaway Slave Law

• The Fugitive Slave Act

• The Southern Property Law

• The Nat Turner Act