From the 1940’s through the mid-1960s, computers were built from individual parts, called ___

• transistors

• integrated chips

• discrete components

• printed circuit boards

To connect all of the discrete components in the ENIAC, how many hand-soldered connections were required?

• 50 thousand

• 500 thousand

• 5 million

• 50 million

In 1959, IBM upgraded “709” computers by replacing all the discrete vacuum tubes with discrete ___

• resistors

• transistors

• diodes

• capacitors

Which generation of electronic computing was marked by the incorporation of transistors?

• the first generation

• the second generation

• the third generation

• the fourth generation

In 1958, while working at Texas Instruments, who demonstrated the first integrated circuit?

• Jack Kilby

• Robert Noyce

• Sherman Fairchild

• Gordon Moore

By making them practical, who is widely regarded as the father of modern ICs?

• Jack Kilby

• Robert Noyce

• Sherman Fairchild

• Gordon Moore

Fairchild Semiconductor, lead by Robert Noyce, made ICs practical by using which semiconductor material?

• germanium

• silicon

• carbon

• tin

Which components have all the metal wires etched right into them to connect components together?

• printed circuit boards

• integrated transistors

• bread boards

• photolithographic arrays

Which fabrication process uses light to transfer complex patterns to a semiconductor material?

• laser ablation

• mass spectrometry

• optical spectroscopy

• photolithography

The starting material for making integrated circuits is a slice of silicon called ___

• a cookie

• a wafer

• a biscuit

• a cracker