Session 6 Rise ELB19042

According to the definitions given by Stacey Mahurin, what is decoding?

• Using knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly pronounce written words

• Using Latin roots and Greek combining forms to correctly spell a word

• Using Latin roots and Greek combining forms to understand the meaning of a word

• Using knowledge of letter-sound relationships to correctly spell spoken words

As young readers develop, they increase fluency by building a large sight-word vocabulary. This allows their attention and energy to shift from decoding each word to comprehending the meaning of the text as a whole. How do children build a large enough sight-word vocabulary to facilitate this increase in fluency?

• Through memorization of high-frequency and irregular words

• By continuously working on comprehension skills

• Through experience reading words which follow reliable patterns

• By rereading the same texts again and again

According to Stacey Mahurin, word recognition skills shouldn't stop improving after elementary. How can educators of older students continue to build these skills in later grades?

• Working on memorization of discipline-specific vocabulary words

• Working on morphological awareness and word origin

• Including time to read aloud in every class period

• Including mini-lessons on basic components of phonology in every class

What two components of reading instruction are depicted as the main two sections in each theoretical model of reading?

• Word recognition and comprehension

• Phonemic awareness and literacy knowledge

• Sight words and vocabulary

• Phonics and fluency

What is the alphabetic principle?

• The idea that learning to read is systematic and explicit, beginning with basic skills

• The belief that children rely heavily on memorization to build their visual vocabulary

• The belief that basic phonology and phonics skills should continue to be taught in the older grades

• The idea that there is a direct connection between letters and the sounds of spoken language

While reading, a pattern of activity can be observed in the brains of typically developing readers that moves from the occipital-temporal area at the back of the brain to the language areas in the left hemisphere. What less efficient area for reading is activated in the brain of a struggling reader?

• The temporal lobe, which usually manages auditory information

• The amygdala, which usually regulates emotions

• The frontal lobe, where decisions are made

• The hippocampus, where memories are formed and stored

A closed syllable (VC) usually contains which type of vowel sound?

• A diphthong

• Short

• Long

• A digraph

What is the difference between a digraph and diphthong?

• A digraph usually makes a short vowel sound

• A digraph is made of three to four letters that make one sound together

• A diphthong is made of two vowels that make one sound together

• A diphthong blends the sounds of two vowels

A middle or secondary teacher who suspects a student may be having difficulty with reading might listen to that student read aloud to gather more information. About how long should the student read for this assessment?

• Thirty seconds

• One minute

• A minute and a half

• Two minutes or longer

About how many correct words per minute should a middle school student be able to read?

• Around 100

• 122 to 146

• 153 to 175

• Around 200