03 Temperature and Heat Exchange

What accounts for the fact that the amount of heating of the Earth’s surface at the geographic poles is less than that which occurs at the tropics?

• Compared to the tropics, at the geographic poles more of the insolation is absorbed by the ozone layer above it and only significantly less amount reaches the Earth’s surface.

• Compared to the tropics, the angle of incidence of the insolation at the geographic poles causes scattering and or bouncing the incoming energy back into space

• Compared to the tropics, the angle of incidence of the insolation at the geographic poles results in a lesser surface heating per square mile.

• Compared to the tropics, at the geographic poles more of the insolation is absorbed by the ozone layer above it and only significantly less amount reaches the Earth’s surface.

What is the ICAO ISA standard temperature lapse rate in the Troposphere up to and including 36,090 ft AMSL?

• minus 1.98 degree Celsius /100ft

• minus 1.98 degree Celsius /1000ft

• minus 1.98 degree Celsius /100m

• minus 1.98 degree Celsius /1000m

Use the Jet Standard Atmosphere (JSA) temperature lapse rate to convert an actual temperature of minus 37 °C at 25,000 ft into ISA terminology.

• ISA + 4°

• ISA + 2°

• ISA - 4°.

• ISA - 2°.

What is ‘Terrestrial radiation’?

• Short wave radiation originating from the Sun

• Long wave radiation originating from the Sun

• Short wave radiation originating from the Earth

• Long wave radiation originating from the Earth

Given a fixed amount of insolation, which of the following is the major factor that accounts for a rise of the Earth’s surface temperature?

• Terrestrial radiation

• Specific heat capacity of the surface

• The direction of air flow

• Turbulence

According to standard diurnal temperature variation, and without any interfering environmental influences, when will the maximum air temperature occur on a cloudless day?

• early morning, approximately 1 hour before Sunrise

• early morning, approximately 1 hour after Sunrise

• approximately 12 noon (midday)

• mid-afternoon, approximately 2 hours after 12 noon (midday)

• early night time, approximately 1 hour after Sunset

Known as the ‘hotplate’ effect, what heat transfer process heats the Earth’s atmosphere from below?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

TRUE or FALSE?

The phrase/text ‘specific heat capacity’ means the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by a given amount (usually 1 ºC)

• TRUE

• FALSE

Which of the following has the highest Albedo value?

• Dark soils

• Desert sands

• Large bodies of water

• Snow or ice

What is the most likely effect to atmospheric temperature that results by a warm wind migrating south and mixing with colder air in the lower levels of the atmosphere?

• None, little or no effect

• Reduction of the temperature in the atmosphere

• Increase of the temperature in the atmosphere