APUSH 1.6

"They sent one canoe with three men, one of which, when they came near unto us, spoke in his language very loud and very boldly; seeming as though he would know why we were there, and by pointing with his oar towards the sea, we conjectured he meant we should be gone. But when we showed them knives and their use, by cutting of sticks and other trifles, they came close aboard our ship, as desirous to entertain our friendship. To these we gave such things as we perceived they liked."

-Source: George Waymouth, 1605

The point of view expressed in the quotation above is most likely that of:

• an African man encountering European slave traders.

• an indigenous explorer encountering Europeans.

• an indigenous person encountering enslaved Africans.

• a European explorer encountering indigenous people.

Why did the Sioux live in structures like those depicted in the image?

• They facilitated a nomadic lifestyle

• They were easily disposable

• They reinforced egalitarian social structures

• They were more durable than other forms of housing

Read the excerpt and answer the question below.

“European leaders concluded that the Muslims’ power fed upon the wealth generated by their control of the most lucrative trade routes. By paying premium prices to Muslim merchants for the gold and ivory of sub-Saharan Africa and for the silks, gems, and spices of Asia, European consumers enriched the Islamic world while draining wealth from Christendom. . . . Visionary Europeans hoped to weaken their enemy and enrich themselves by seeking an alternative trade route by sea.”

-Source: Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001

Which of the following primary sources would most likely support the author’s argument in the excerpt?

• Italian maps showing the locations of natural resources in the Americas

• Spanish royal council meeting notes concerning strategies for defeating Muslims

• Portuguese blueprints for the caravel, a light and fast sailing vessel

• Sub-Saharan African ivory carvings depicting Muslim merchant caravans

How did New World colonization, enabled by the vessel above, affect the economy of Europe?

• It allowed banking firms to have more power than European monarchies, which were deeply in debt

• It devastated the business of European farmers who grew tomatoes and potatoes, as New World imports of these crops undercut their sales

• It caused rampant deflation, leading to many bankruptcies among borrowers

• It brought a great deal of gold and silver into Europe, stimulating the banking industry and promoting Europe’s transition to capitalism

Read the passage and answer the question below.

“By virtue of the said ransom, let ships go there and bring away as many male and female Negroes as possible, newly imported and between the ages of fifteen to eighteen or twenty years. . . .The burden of work of the Indians will be eased and unlimited amounts of gold will be mined. This is the best land in the world for Negroes, women and old men, and it is very rarely that one of these people die.”

-Source: Alonso de Zuazo, Spanish colonial judge, 1518

This excerpt best reflects which of the following historical developments?

• debates between the Spanish crown and Spanish religious leaders about the treatment of non-Europeans

• responses to the change in the indigenous populations after exposure to European diseases

• indigenous rebellions against Spanish colonialism such as the Pueblo Revolt

• conflicts over the goals of Spanish colonization and the use of forced labor

"When the maese de campo arrived at the pueblo of Acoma he asked the Indians for provisions for his trip and gave them in exchange hatchets and many other things. . . . and then the Indians very unwillingly gave some maize and tortillas. Being told that what the Spaniards needed most was flour, the Indians replied that they had none on hand, but that the Spaniards might leave and return for it the next day. . . . When the maese de campo went to the pueblo with his eighteen men to get the flour . . . the Indians, with treachery and premeditation, after inviting them to come up to their pueblo, killed the maese de campo, Captain Felipe de Escalante, Captain Diego Nuñez, eight soldiers, and two servants . . ."

-Source: Juan de Oñate, Testimony in the Trial of the Indians of Acoma, 1598

The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following trends?

• indigenous military resistance to European encroachment

• shrinking Spanish influence in North America after 1500

• European adoption of useful aspects of indigenous cultures

• competition between European powers for natural resources

Which of the following conclusion might historians make about the Mississippian people from the evidence of Cahokia?

• They were not sophisticated enough to build lasting structures.

• They lived in settled villages and farmed, allowing for the growth of large populations.

• They lived a nomadic lifestyle, following herds of animals across the Plains.

• They preferred fishing for their food over farming.

Read the excerpt and answer the question below.

“European leaders concluded that the Muslims’ power fed upon the wealth generated by their control of the most lucrative trade routes. By paying premium prices to Muslim merchants for the gold and ivory of sub-Saharan Africa and for the silks, gems, and spices of Asia, European consumers enriched the Islamic world while draining wealth from Christendom. . . . Visionary Europeans hoped to weaken their enemy and enrich themselves by seeking an alternative trade route by sea.”

-Source: Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001

According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that religious competition had on Europe?

• It motivated Europeans to look for new methods to access luxury goods.

• It ended the internal religious conflict brought on by the Protestant Reformation.

• It led to the creation of lucrative trade routes for European merchants.

• It drained resources from European nations and enriched the Islamic world.

Read the excerpt and answer the question below.

"Into this land of meek outcasts there came some Spaniards who immediately behaved like ravening wild beasts . . . killing, terrorizing, afflicting, torturing, and destroying the native peoples, doing all this with the strangest and most varied new methods of cruelty, never seen or heard of before, and to such a degree that this Island of Hispaniola once so populous (having a population that I estimated to be more than three million), has now a population of barely two hundred persons.”

-Source: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies, 1542.

Which of the following historical figures most likely would agree with de Las Casas’s account of Spanish colonization?

• Moctezuma II

• Hernan Cortés

• Francisco Pizarro

• Christopher Columbus