AP Bio Unit 1- Chemistry of Life Study Guide

What is a functional group?

• Group of atoms that give a specific characteristic to a molecule

• Group of molecules that give a specific characteristic to an atom

• Group of molecules that make up a group of atoms

• Group of atoms that give a specific characteristics to an element

Name the compound.

• Ethanol

• Hydroxyl

• Carbonyl

• Methyl

Classify the compound based on the functional group present.

• Aldehyde

• Carboxylic Acid

• Ketone

• Ester

Why are carbohydrate important molecules for energy storage?

• The C-H bonds found in carbohydrates store energy

• The double bonds between carbon and oxygen are very strong.

• The electronegativity of the oxygen atoms means that a carbohydrate is made up of many polar bonds.

• They can form ring structures in the aqueous environment of a cell.

Which carbohydrate would you find as part of a molecule of RNA?

• Galactose

• Deoxyribose

• Ribose

• Glucose

A molecule of DNA or RNA is a polymer of

• Monosaccharides

• Nucleotides

• Amino Acids

• Fatty Acids

Proteins are polymers of

• Nucleotides

• Fatty Acids

• Amino Acids

• Acids

Plant cells store energy in the form of ______, and animal cells store energy in the form of _____.

• Fructose, Glucose

• Disaccharides, Monosaccharides

• Cellulose, Chitin

• Starch, Glycogen

Electronegativity

• the attraction of an atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

• the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

• the repulsion of electrons in one atom for electrons in another atom

• the negative charge surrounding the nucleus of an atom

Cells are surrounded by water, and cells themselves consist of about 75 to 90% water. Which of the following occurs as a result?

• The temperature of living things tend to change relatively slowly.

• A variety of nutrient molecules is readily available as dissolved solutes.

• Waste products produced by cell metabolism can be easily removed.

• All of the above.