An emphasis or “punch” at the beginning of a musical sound.

Meaning a slow tempo or slow speed. Sometimes it is the name of a work like Mozart's Adagio for Violin and Orchestra.

A specific number of musical sounds that are organized within a measure, and that are contained within two solid lines called bar lines.

When two or more notes or pitches are sounded simultaneously a chord is created.

Meaning growing, as in a swelling of sound, or becoming louder.

A symbol that tells the performer to hold the note as long as s/he would like, but certainly longer than the written note value.

Getting softer; the opposite of crescendo.

When a flat symbol ♭ is added to a note it lowers the note by a half-step.

Loud or strong.

Meaning wide, broad. In music a tempo marking meaning to be performed quite slowly.