allowed any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms (fought) against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.

• Homestead Act

• agrarian movement

• railroad tycoons

• transcontinental railroad

the total knowledge and skills available to any human society for industry, art, science, etc.

• technological advancments

• Homestead Act

• railroad tycoons

• Las Gorras Blancas/The Whitecaps

wire with clusters of short, sharp spikes set at intervals along it to dissuade animals from pushing through it, used to make fences

• barbed wire

• technological advancments

• Homestead Act

• Ghost Dance movement

a track or set of tracks made of steel along which passenger and freight trains run

• railroads

• barbed wire

• technological advancments

• Homestead Act

where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership

• open range

• railroads

• barbed wire

• technological advancments

the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah at a place called Promontory Point.

• trancontinental railroad

• open range

• railroads

• barbed wire

provided federal subsidies in land and loans for the construction of a transcontinental railroad across the United States

• Pacific Railway Act

• trancontinental railroad

• open range

• railroads

early industrial pioneers amassing or overseeing construction of many large steel transportation byways through the early 20th century

• railroad tycoons

• Pacific Railway Act

• trancontinental railroad

• open range

The Central Pacific laborers were predominantly Chinese, and the Union Pacific laborers predominantly Irish. Both groups often worked under harsh conditions.

• role of immigrants with railroad

• railroad tycoons

• Pacific Railway Act

• trancontinental railroad

allowed more people to travel cheaply, move west, visit relatives, and see sights unique to the West

• social effect of railroad

• role of immigrants with railroad

• railroad tycoons

• Pacific Railway Act