Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Review

In a Vindication of the Rights of Women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education of women. She also declared that women should have the same political rights as men.

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Wollstonecraft

• Locke

What reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process?

• observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion

• question, experimentation, hypothesis, observation, conclusion

• question, observation, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion

• observation, question, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusion

This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If government fails to protect these natural rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it.

• Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Locke

• Beccaria

The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was first proposed by?

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Francis Bacon

What was Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

• All physical objects are affected equally by the same force.

• The earth and other planets revolve around the sun.

• A falling object accelerates at a fixed and predictable rate.

• The physical world consists of four elements--earth, air, fire, and water.

This philosopher strongly disagreed with other philosophers on a number of matters. For instance, although most philosophers believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, he argued that civilization corrupts peoples' natural goodness.

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

• Locke

This philosopher's masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.

• Volatire

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

• Locke

This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. He argued therefore, that strong governments are necessary to control human behavior. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a social contract. They give up their rights in exchange for law and order.

• Locke

• Hobbes

• Volatire

• Montesquieu

This philosopher's ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. He argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice.

• Voltaire

• Beccaria

• Rousseau

• Locke

This aristocratic philosopher was devoted to the study of the political liberty. He proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government.

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Locke

• Montesquieu