Upregulation can best be describes as:

• the cell is stimulated to produce more of a specific component.

• the cell is stimulated to produce less of a specific component.

• the process that cells use to make protein.

• positive feedback.

What type of cell produces antibodies?

• macrophage

• cytotoxic T cell

• Helper T cell

• B cell

Sunken stomata can be found in the leaves of some Australian plants. A section of such a leaf is shown. How do sunken stomata assist the plant to conserve water in a dry environment?

• They trap moist air, reducing humidity.

• They prevent entry of gases into the leave.

• They accumulate moist air, reducing transpiration.

• They increase the surface area available for transpiration.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

After an initial infection, B-cells recognise the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?

• The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.

• The B-cells more quickly recognise and respond to any other virus that invades the body.

• The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.

• The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body?

• They produce antibodies.

• They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.

• They engulf and destroy bacteria.

• They form a barrier against pathogens.

One of the chemical that causes vasodilation so that more blood (containing neutrophils and macrophages) can flow to the area of infection

• Mucous

• Prostaglandin

• Lysozyme

• Neurotransmitter

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

When a neuron is depolarised, what are the first channels to open?

• sodium

• calcium

• potassium

• receptors

A signal molecule that transmits nerve impulses across synapses

• neuron

• neurotransmitter

• electrical impulse

• action potential

What number(s) on the graph represents the Resting Potential?

• 1 and 2
• 1 and 5
• 2 and 3
• 3 and 4

What number on the graph represents the Depolarization phase?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-5