TOEFL Reading- Insert Sentence Questions

Some estimates put the number as high as 300,000 in the United States alone.

^{No reliable data exist showing how many people have narcolepsy. ■A Unfortunately, there is also little knowledge about the causes of this illness. ■B Researchers suggest that the problem may stem from the immune system’s reacting abnormally to the brain’s chemical processes. ■C Further studies have shown a link between narcolepsy and a number of genes, although it is quite possible for an individual to have these genes and not develop the disease. ■D There are also cases of twins where one member has narcolepsy but the other does not. Thus, an explanation based on genetics alone is not adequate.}

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This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.

^{Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■A As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■B In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■C After 181 5 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■D Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production}

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The need to circulate air to prevent such a blast could explain why the crew left two hatches open.

^{A possible explanation is that some event made the captain fear for the safety of the ship. ■A In fact, recently studied seismic records indicate that a violent earthquake, whose epicenter was on the seafloor in the region where the Mary Celeste was sailing, occurred some days before the ship’s discovery. ■B If the ship had been subjected to intense shocks caused by the quake, all abroad may have hastily abandoned ship to avoid what they imagined might be its imminent destruction from an explosion of the combustible cargo. ■C A severed rope found dangling from the side of the Mary Celeste suggests that the evacuees trailed behind in the lifeboat, attached to the ship, waiting for the crisis to pass. ■D Great waves may then have snapped the rope and capsized the smaller boat, whose occupants would have disappeared without a trace.}

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In contrast, a nearly flawless diamond that is not professionally cut will not acquire its full reflective potential, and thus, its value may be diminished.

^{The final characteristic is cut. ■A When shaped – whether round, oval, emerald, marquise, pear, or heart—the diamond should be faced so that light is directed into the depths of the prism and then reflected outward again. ■B A well-cut diamond will separate the light into different colors when the light is reflected. ■C Only stones of similar shape should have their reflective qualities compared, as some shapes are more reflective than others. The round shape is the most reflective. ■D}

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It is the only method available for obtaining a variety of colors in bamboo.

^{For centuries, bamboo has provided building materials for Eastern cultures. Now it is becoming more popular and available in the West, particularly as a substitute for expensive hardwood flooring.} ■^{A As a flooring material, natural honey-colored bamboo is more stable than carbonized bamboo.} ■^{B Carbonizing is a technique of steaming and pressurizing the bamboo to introduce carbon fibers that darken the original material.} ■^{C However, it lowers the hardness factor, making the darker bamboo more susceptible to damage.} ■^D

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