Cellular Genetics & Heredity EOC Review (SB2 & 3)

The model shows part of a process that uses tRNA. Which description explains the role of the tRNA in the process shown in this model?

• The tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome so that they can be added to the developing peptide.

• The tRNA recognizes the stop codon of a developing peptide so that no new amino acids are added.

• The tRNA signals the release of the peptide from the ribosome once all of the amino acids have been added.

• The tRNA scans the developing peptide to make sure that the sequence of the amino acids matches the mRNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A male & female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chomosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material.

Which argument supports this claim?

• A mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis, allowing one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.

• A nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.

• A substitution mutation during replication allowed the generic material of chromosome 18 to replace the genetic material of a nearby chromosome, causing the child to have three copies of chromosome 18.

• An insertion mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to be inserted into the genetic material of another chromosome, causing three copies of chromosome 18 to be made.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram shows the exchange of segments of chromatids during meiosis. What is the genetic significance of this exchange?

• It increases genetic diversity in the next generation of individuals.

• It removes gene mutations & replaces them with healthy genetic traits.

• It reduces the number of chromosomes in the sex cells formed by meiosis.

• It causes chromatids to separate properly during the second meiotic division.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Students studied Mendel's laws of segregation & independent assortment. They created a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous furred mouse (FF) & a homozygous furless mouse (ff). The students then created a Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F₁ mice.

Which question could be answered using the information from the Punnett squares?

• Can furred mice produce furless mice?

• How many mice will be produced in the F₁ generation?

• Will fewer furless mice survive to adulthood than furred mice?

• Are furred mice the best organism to use for this investigation?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

This Punnett square shows the inheritance of flower color in snapdragon flowers. Which correctly explains the inheritance of flower color in snapdragons?

• The alleles for flower color show codominance because both alleles are completely expressed in homozygous individuals.

• The alleles for flower color show incomplete dominance because both alleles are partly expressed in heterozygous individuals.

• The alleles for flower color show codominance because both alleles are completely expressed in heterozygous individuals.

• The alleles for flower color show incomplete dominance because both alleles are partly expressed in homozygous individuals.

Today, the common type of banana we buy & eat is a Cavendish banana. The arose from chance mutants that were produced sexually from wild banana plants. The Cavendish banana is infertile & can only be produced by cloning from root shoots. Large commercial growers worldwide now plant only the mutant type. Some information about both types of banana is recorded in the table.

Why are scientists warning that exclusively growing this mutant type by asexual reproduction presents a serious disadvantage?

• The loss of an adequate supply of Cavendish banana seed could result in the extinction of this variety.

• The changes in characteristics from a parent plant to a clone will produce inconsistent plant that are less healthy.

• The lack of genetic variability among clones puts the whole species at increased risk of extinction through a catastrophic disease or pest.

• The increasing number of homologous sets of chromosomes with each successive generation of clones will eventually result in widespread death of banana plants.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Today, the common type of banana we buy & eat is a Cavendish banana. The arose from chance mutants that were produced sexually from wild banana plants. The Cavendish banana is infertile & can only be produced by cloning from root shoots. Large commercial growers worldwide now plant only the mutant type. Some information about both types of banana is recorded in the table.

Growers on large banana farms that supply food commercially have chosen to limit their plantings exclusively to Cavendish banana plants. What advantage is likely cited by the growers for continuing to plant these asexually produced crops year after year?

• Seedless cloned plants are not damaged by disease & pest organisms.

• Successive generations of clones produce larger bananas & healthier plants.

• The cloned banana plants rapidly adapt to extreme environmental changes due to their limited genetic variation.

• The bananas produced maintain consistent characteristics in quality, taste, & appearance from one crop of clones to the next.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Scientists have added genes to rice plants for vitamin A & iron. Which reason is MOST LIKELY the purpose of this genetic engineering?

• to increase the lifespan of rice plants

• to increase the nutritional value of rice

• to increase rice plant' resistance to disease

• to increase the amount of rice harvested from a plant