Ms. J's Learning & Memory "Quest"

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because

• it is thought that learning changes the nerve fiber patterns in your muscles

• once you learn something, you will never fail to remember it or carry out the correct action

• it is thought that when learning occurs, some part of the brain physically changes

• memory processes, unlike learning processes, are not permanent

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor’s coat, she started to cry. This is an example of ________.

• instrumental learning

• observational learning

• classical conditioning

• habituation

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not ________ had occurred.

• behavior modification

• stimulus discrimination

• extinction

• stimulus generalization

Last month, Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. Walter has experienced ____________.

• blocking

• conditioned taste-aversion

• operant taste conditioning

• noncontingent conditioning

“If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated.” This is a statement of ________.

• the Law of Positive Reinforcement

• Rescorla’s cognitive perspective

• Thorndike’s Law of Effect

• Garcia’s conditional emotional response

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• effective based learning

• spontaneous recovery

A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

• primary

• negative

• positive

• secondary

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room. What is the cookie in this example?

• punisher

• positive reinforcer

• negative reinforcer

• conditioned response

You shove money into a slot machine in hopes of being reinforced with a win. You might not stop playing, even though you are losing money, because the "next one" might hit the jackpot.. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

• variable ratio

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

• fixed interval

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior. This issue of a token is an example of ________.

• classical conditioning

• instinctive drift

• primary reinforcement

• behavior modification