HEA Chap 16 Musculoskeletal

Identify the range of motion movement in the accompanying figure that assesses the range of motion of the elbow.

• Supination

• Pronation

• Flexion

• Extension

Answer explanation

Pronation is the movement of the hand from the palm facing up to the palm facing down.

The patient is complaining of acute pain in his shoulder after playing tennis. Assessment of the shoulder includes which of the following four motions?

• Abduction, adduction, supination, and pronation

• Lateral bending, extension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion

• Flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation

• Inversion, eversion, protraction, and retraction

Answer explanation

The shoulder is able to flex/extend and internally/externally rotate.

You are performing an assessment of the vertebrae and assess the posture shown in the accompanying figure. What type of posture do you see in the picture?

• Lordosis

• Scoliosis

• Kyphosis

• Normal posture

What diagnostic test would you expect the health-care provider to order to assess injuries to a tendon, a ligament, or soft tissue?

• X-ray

• Ultrasound

• Magnetic resonance imaging

• Computed tomography scan (CT)

Answer explanation

MRI assesses soft tissue to determine the nature and severity of injury to tendons, ligaments, bones, and soft tissue.

The patient reports that he exercises at the local gym 7 days a week for a minimum of 60 minutes each day. He reports that he is able to lift weights up to 100 lb. An elevation of which enzyme may indicate muscle injury secondary to strenuous exercise?

• Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)

• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

• Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

• Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Answer explanation

Elevation of CPK can indicate muscular injury secondary to strenuous exercise, a disease process, or an injury.

Mr. Brown’s knee assessment shows 4/5 muscle strength bilaterally with full flexion and extension. The nurse assesses the skin temperature and notes increased warmth of the left knee joint. Which of the following is most concerning?

• The muscle strength is 4/5

• Knee joint movement should include flexion deviation

• The warmth that is present in the left knee joint

• Muscle strength is symmetrical

Answer explanation

Warmth of skin may indicate signs of inflammation or infection.

You are performing an assessment of the lower extremities. The accompanying figure indicates which range of motion movement of the hip?

• Flexion against resistance

• Extension against resistance

• Abduction against resistance

• Adduction against resistance

Answer explanation

Adduction is the movement of the lower extremity toward the midline of the body.

The movement of the sole of the foot away from the floor toward the knee demonstrates:

• Plantar flexion

• Dorsiflexion

• Eversion

• Inversion

Answer explanation

Dorsiflexion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the floor.

The patient had a total hip replacement several years ago. You are going to assess the range of motion of both hips. The range of motion movements for the hip joint include:

• Supination, dorsiflexion, adduction, and extension.

• Flexion, internal rotation, supination, and pronation.

• Adduction, abduction, flexion, and internal rotation.

• Extension, abduction, inversion, and eversion.

Answer explanation

The hip joint is able to accomplish all of these range of motion activities.

A patient reports that she has had bilateral knee pain for the last 10 years. You review her past medical history and note osteoarthritis as a diagnosis. This type of arthritis is caused by:

• A progressive, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder.

• A progressive disease whereby the bone matrix is not being replaced.

• A progressive disease whereby the protective cartilage wears down.

• A progressive disease that causes enlargement of the ends of the joints.

Answer explanation

Osteoarthritis is a progressive disease. The protective cartilage at the ends of the bones wears down.