All of the following were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT:

• Nine of the thirteen states had to approve all laws.

• A national court system ruled on the constitutionality of laws.

• Congress worked in committees without a chief executive.

• Congress could raise money by borrowing or by asking states for money.

Which of the following was adopted to resolve the issue of representation in the House and Senate?

• Three-Fifths Compromise

• Virginia Plan

• New Jersey Plan

• Great Compromise

Which of the following accurately characterizes the main difference between elite theories and pluralist theories of politics in the United States?

• Elite theories argue that a single minority dominates in all policy areas; pluralist theories argue that many minorities compete in different policy areas.

• Elite theories argue that social status is the major source of political power; pluralist theories argue that wealth is the major source.

• Elite theories view government as efficient; pluralist theories view it as slow and wasteful.

• Elite theories concentrate on the role of interest groups; pluralist theories emphasize the role of individuals.

Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant?

• Money given to states for special education programs

• Money given to individuals in the form of tax rebates

• Money given to states unconditionally

• Money given to states to spend at their discretion on transportation

The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues?

• The right of the people to rebel

• The existence of slavery

• The scope of power of the central government

• The need to establish a standard currency

In a federal system of government, political power is primarily

• vested in the regional governments

• vested in the central government

• divided between regional governments and local governments

• divided between the central government and regional governments

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of

• a federal mandate

• horizontal federalism

• dual federalism

• state supremacy

Which of the following statements best describes government under the Article of Confederation?

• The Confederation government established guidelines for setting new territories and admitting new states.

• The Confederation government was hampered in its ability to levy taxes.

• The Articles of Confederation had been written so that real power remained with the states.

• States could not make treaties without Congress’s approval.

Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of

• an unfunded mandate

• implied powers

• dual federalism

• devolution

Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements?

• Government must have cooperation from the people in order to make legislative decisions.

• Different levels of government are involved in common policy areas.

• The federal government must make regulations that can be applied across every state in the same way.

• Business and government can work together to more effectively accomplish shared goals.