Unit 1 Exam Review - The Enlightenment

Philosophers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

• Improving the relationship between people and their government

• Supporting the concept of divine right

• Convincing people that the Catholic Church was correct

• Promoting increased power of the monarchy

According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to

• Protect natural rights

• Fight territorial wars

• Ensure the wealth of citizens

• Redistribute land

Which of the following is NOT considered a natural right according to John Locke?

• Life

• Liberty

• Property

• Pursuit of Happiness

Enlightenment thinkers believed decisions made by the government should be based on

• Religious beliefs

• Divine right of kings

• Natural law and reason

• Traditional conservative values

Which of the following events could be considered precursors to the Enlightenment? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• The Protestant Reformation

• The Cold War

• The Scientific Revolution

• The American Revolution

• The Renaissance

Voltaire strongly believed in

• The right to a fair trial

• Freedom of speech and religion

• The right to peacefully assemble

• The importance of women

Locke and Rousseau would be most likely to support

• A return to feudalism in Europe

• A society ruled by the Catholic church

• A society in which the people choose their leaders

• The acceptance of divine right

Thomas Hobbes believed that people were naturally cruel and selfish, and therefore needed which kind of government to keep them in check?

• Absolute monarchy

• Constitutional Monarchy

• Democracy

• Plutocracy

Montesquieu believed that the purpose of the concept of Separation of Powers was to

• Make the government less efficient

• Weaken the monarchy

• Ensure that no branch of government was too strong

• Promote social reform

An agreement for citizens to obey the law in exchange for the government's protection of their natural rights is referred to as what?

• Separation of Powers

• Popular sovereignty

• Natural Law

• Social contract