Honors Geology Chapter 2 Study Guide

Seafloor spreading is driven by volcanic activity that occurs

• in the middle of abyssal plains.

• along mid-ocean ridges.

• at the edges of continental shelves.

• along fracture zones.

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According to the theory of plate tectonics, the plates are:

• linked pieces of lithosphere which float atop the asthenosphere.

• composed of either continental or continental and oceanic lithosphere.

• moved by the creation of new crust and subduction of old crust.

• significantly more plastic than the rigid asthenosphere atop which they float.

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What type of plate boundary is this an example of?

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

• Subduction

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What type of plate boundary is this an example of?

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

• Subduction

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What type of plate boundary is this an example of?

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

• Subduction

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A global map of seismicity shows seismic trends indicating the location of

• intraplate interaction.

• passive margins.

• plate boundaries.

• polar wander paths.

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As the map shows, the oldest seafloor is generally less than 200 million years old. Why?

• All oceanic lithosphere eventually gets subducted beneath the continents by the time it is 200 million years old.

• Heat from volcanic activity remelts parts of the ocean floor once it becomes 200 million years old.

• When oceanic floor becomes older than 200 million years, it turns into continental crust.

• According to geological dating methods, the entire Earth is less than 200 million years old.

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Wegener's theory of continental drift took decades to be accepted

• because climate, fossil distributions, and land shape offered conflicting evidence

• because many of Wegener's ideas turned out to be wrong.

• because of pure stubbornness by the scientific community.

• because Wegener couldn't explain how continents moved.

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Alfred Wegener proposed the idea of continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils, glacial deposits, and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once

• aligned north to south along the prime meridian during the late Cenozoic.

• combined to form a supercontinent (which he termed Rodinia) in the Proterozoic.

• combined to form a supercontinent (which he termed Pangaea) in the late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic.

• aligned east to west along the equator during the late Mesozoic through the Cenozoic.

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Oceanic crust

• has not been sampled directly because it is too deep beneath the ocean.

• is the same age as continental crust.

• is denser than continental crust.

• has the same composition as continental crust.

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