AP Biology Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function Review

In which direction will molecules move along their concentration gradient if allowed?

• Up the concentration gradient

• Down the concentration gradient

• Molecules move independent of their concentration gradient

What does semipermeable mean?

• A material is half way open

• A material blocks all substances from passing

• All substances can pass through a material

• A material allows some substances to pass, but blocks others

What process explains how the red molecules left the dialysis bag?

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

What is a hypertonic environment?

• An environment that has equal solute concentration as the cell

• An environment that has a lower solute concentration than the cell

• An environment that has a greater solute concentration than the cell

• An environment that has a higher water potential than the cell

How does a hypertonic environment affect cells?

• Water will flow equally into and out of the cell, causing the cell to stay the same

• Water will flow into the cell, causing it to swell

• Water will flow indiscriminately, depending on the pressure potential of the environment

• Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink

In hypotonic environments, paramecium utilize a pump vacuole to maintain homeostasis. Why is this vacuole necessary?

• The vacuole sucks in water lost to the environment

• The vacuole pumps out excess water coming into the cell.

• The vacuole pumps in salt to offset the hypotonic conditions

• The vacuole pumps out excess salt diffusing into the organism

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help with osmoregulation in humans?

• ADH is released when fluid balance is low, it decreases aquaporins, which retains water in the kidneys

• ADH is released high fluids are too high, it decreases aquaporins, which will release more water into urine

• ADH is released when fluid balance is low, it increases aquaporins, which will retain water in the kidneys

• ADH is released when fluids are too high, it increases aquaporins, which will release more water into urine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

If an individual had a mutation where they had excess aquaporins in their kidney cells, what would happen to this person?

• They would have difficulty producing proper volumes of urine.

• They would produce too much dilute urine.

• They would become dehydrated more easily.

• Their blood pressure would decrease.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of these is not evidence used to support the endosymbiont theory for mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• The organelles contain free ribosomes and circular DNA

• The organelles produce their own energy.

• The organelles have a double membrane

• The organelles grow and reproduce somewhat independently

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which organelle helps with cellular digestion during phagocytosis?

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Smooth ER