Chapter 1: What is Science?

A student collects data on deer spotted in a field each day. She counts 19, 27, 18, 16, and 23 deer. What type of observation do these data represent?

• an inferred observation

• a quantitative observation

• a qualitative observation

• a classified observation

Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know is called

• observing

• inferring

• predicting

• classifying

If you conduct an experiment and draw conclusions that are based on your beliefs rather than the facts, you are using

• objective reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

• subjective reasoning

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Which is an example of using ethics in experiments?

• making sure other scientists can repeat the experiment

• taking care that no animals are harmed

• storing samples under controlled conditions

• making sure that only useful data are collected

Carmen notices that every time she uses a certain bird food in her bird feeder, blue jays land on the feeder. She concludes that blue jays prefer this food more than other birds do. What type of reasoning is Carmen using?

• inductive reasoning

• subjective reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• faulty reasoning

Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers are called

• relative observations

• quantitative observations

• qualitative observations

• evidence observations

Trying to explain why a solar eclipse occurs is an example of

• a prediction

• an experiment

• scientific inquiry

• classification

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Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might reject a scientific theory?

• Some people disagree with it.

• It covers too broad a topic.

• New evidence contradicts it.

• It was proposed by another scientist.

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Scientific knowledge changes with

• new magazine articles.

• careful reading of facts.

• repeated experiments.

• new evidence and new interpretations.

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In science, a fact is

• not testable.

• the same as a variable.

• a strong hypothesis.

• a confirmed observation.