Chapter 4: The Chemistry of Carbon

The element present in all organic molecules is _____.

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• carbon

• nitrogen

Why is carbon so important in biology?

• It is a common element on Earth.

• It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor.

• It bonds to only a few other elements.

• It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 8

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

• The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

• The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

• They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.

• They are less dense than water.

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

• They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.

• They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.

• They have the same chemical properties.

• They have different molecular formulas.

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot _____.

• have a branching carbon skeleton

• have different combinations of double bonds between carbon atoms

• have different positions of double bonds between carbon atoms

• form enantiomers

The two molecules shown in the figure below are best described as _____.

• enantiomers

• structural isomers

• cis-trans isomers

• chain length isomers

The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the _____.

• number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

• types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

• arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

• number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ______.

• enantiomers

• radioactive isotopes

• structural isomers

• cis-trans isomers

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

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