Role of first language and interlanguage

What is the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis?

• Learners contrast their L1 and their L2 in order to determine what language they would like to study

• All learners learn contrastively to what we expect them to learn

• All L2 errors can be predicted by identifying differences between the target language and the learners first language

• Learners analyze and contrast their language according to situation.

Who developed the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis, and when?

• Stephen Krashen, 2002

• Robert Lado, 1957

• Jean Piaget, 1946

• Roar Ravem, 1968

What is an assumption of language distance?

• Languages that developed with thousands of miles between them are totally separate.

• You have to travel a long way to hear another language.

• Languages that are similar can be hard to learn.

• The closer in similarity two languages are, the easier it will be to learn the L2.

What is an example of a more marked sentence?

• The cow went to the barn.

• Who are you going to the prom with?

• How old is Jim?

• With whom are you going to the prom?

Who is associated with prototypically?

• Rod Ellis

• Eric Kellerman

• Richard Schmidt

• Sigmund Freud

What is some examples of transfer errors?

• Pie (Spanish) transfered to pie (English) (false cognates)

• Japanese use of the plural -s

• Article usage in French and English

• Incorrect use of "ser" and "estar" by an English-speaking person

How does order of acquisition affect language transfer?

• It has no effect.

• If there is no L1 equivalent of a morpheme in the target language, the natural order of learning and acquisition is disturbed.

• Transfer of language occurs in a certain order.

• A learner transfers a language by acquiring the target language.

What is the Processability Theory?

• People process language according to how smart they are.

• People process language according to extrinsic or intrinsic motivators.

• Learners are easily processed.

• Learners have to create language-specific routines in stages, and gradually extend their grammatical memory toe enable them to handle increasingly complex grammatical information.

What is the "somewhere" in Transfer-to-Somewhere?

• There is somewhere (the target language) that is similar to the L1, and language transfer can take place.

• You have to be somewhere else to learn an L2.

• There is nothing similar between the L1 and the L2.

• A language transfers somewhere where other people understand it.

How do you think age and language aptitude affect L1 transfer?