Quiz 4 review

Because she mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work as hard as younger workers, Brenda is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among her senior employees. Her supervision strategy best illustrates:

• the availability heuristic.

• functional fixedness.

• confirmation bias.

• the representativeness heuristic.

At the beginning of the semester, you query your students on what grade they think they will get for the semester. When you ask if they think they''ll get an “'A,”' the majority raise their hands. This best illustrates:

• belief bias.

• framing

• functional fixedness.

• overconfidence.

Hindsight bias is when:

• We feel we already knew what was going to happen after an event has occurred

• We interact with others in such a way that they react in a way that confirms our expectations of their behavior

• We believe that if something negative happens to us, it is because of our situation, but if something positive happens to us, it is because of something we have done

• We believe we could have changed the outcome of an event had we done something slightly differently

To solve a problem, sometimes we resort to trial and error. If we want a guaranteed solution, we may follow a(n) ____________, which is a step-by-step procedure.

• algorithm

• heuristic

• prototype

• confirmation bias

A potential source of irrationality is ______________, our tendency to cling to our views in the face of contradictory evidence.

• belief bias

• belief perseverance

• a fixation

• availability heuristic

Jill locked her keys in her car. She is now narrowing the available problem solutions to the single best solution. This illustrates:

• fluid intelligence

• factor analysis

• standardization

• convergent thinking

Which of the following is an emotion-control center of the brain?

• hypothalamus

• cortisol

• amygdala

• glucocorticoid

Which theory suggests that you would NOT experience intense anger unless you first noticed your racing heart (or other symptoms of physiological arousal)?

• relative deprivation theory

• James-Lange theory

• adaptation-level theory

• Cannon-Bard theory

Evidence that emotion follows physiological arousal would be most consistent with the ____________. Evidence that emotion follows the placement of a cognitive label on physiological arousal would be most consistent with the ____________.

• relative deprivation principle; adaptation-level principle

• adaptation-level principle; relative deprivation principle

• two-factor theory; James-Lange theory

• James-Lange theory; two-factor theory

You look down while sitting at the top of the Ferris wheel. You immediately feel your heart start to pound. You are confused by this response until you remember your last experience on a Ferris wheel. During that experience, the wind had started to blow, the seats began to rock, and you thought you were going to die. You realize your heart is pounding because you are afraid. Which of the following theories best explains this sequence of events?

• Watson-Rayner theory

• Cannon-Bard theory

• James-Lange theory

• two-factor theory