Module 3: Earth’s Internal Heat Sources and Magmatism

PRETEST:

1. Certain elements sink to the center while others are collected near the surface through the process called differentiation. Based on this, which characteristic of elements like iron and nickel will likely form the core?

• A. least dense

• B. more dense

• C. light weight

• D. first crystallized

2. Which of these moves from hotter to colder places?

• A. convection

• B. heat

• C. pressure

• D. temperature

3. What drives the Earth's internal heat engine?

• A. ocean tides

• B. volcanoes

• C. radioactivity

• D. solar energy

4. What is being described as the formation and motion of hot molten rock under the crust of the Earth?

• A. crustalism

• B. lavatism

• C. magmatism

• D. volcanism

5. Which does NOT affect magma formation?

• A. mineral composition

• B. pressure

• C. temperature

• D. volatiles (water)

ACTIVITY 1:

1. The melting of rocks is a function of this important factor in magma formation. The higher it is, the more rock melts and the less viscous the magma is.

• A. Accretion

• B. Differentiation

• C. Magma

• D. Temperature

ACTIVITY 1:

2. Heat is generated when colliding planetesimals convert

gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy and then thermal energy.

• A. Accretion

• B. Differentiation

• C. Endogenic

• D. Temperature

ACTIVITY 1:

3. It plays a key role in mountain formation, as new

ascending magmas produce additional mass and volume to the Earth's surface and subsurface.

• A. Differentiation

• B. Heat

• C. Magmatism

• D. Pressure

ACTIVITY 1:

4. It is a geological process that is formed, originated, and located below the surface of the earth.

• A. Endogenic

• B. Heat

• C. Magmatism

• D. Radioactive Decay

ACTIVITY 1:

5. The molten material beneath or within the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed.

• A. Endogenic

• B. Heat

• C. Magma

• D. Radioactive Decay