Ch. 28: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty, and instead proposed that

• true government stems from religious authority.

• the best form of government is a democracy.

• governments are bound to the will of the people.

• all government is inherently unjust; humans are better off living in a state of nature.

• church and state should be entirely separate.

Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government?

• the Stamp Act of 1708

• the Quartering Act

• the Declaration of Independence

• the Committee of Public Safety

• the Congress of Vienna

The American colonists won their bid for independence primarily because

• they had superior generals.

• they were united in the cause of freedom.

• colonial militias were more disciplined and better marksmen than were British troops.

• the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British.

• All these answers are correct.

Embedded in the U.S. Constitution is the principle of

• universal male suffrage.

• the abolition of slavery.

• free enterprise.

• westward expansion.

• popular sovereignty.

Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French revolution of 1789?

• a staggering national debt

• accusation of treason against Louis XVI

• resentment at the privileges of the aristocracy

• resentment at the privileges of the aristocracy

• the opportunity presented by the summoning of the Estates General

Which of the following was NOT one of the provisions of the new French constitution of 1791?

• France became a constitutional monarchy.

• Church property was confiscated and clergy lost their privileged status.

• Peasants were freed from the dues and services owed to their landlords.

• All adult males were given the right to vote in national elections.

• An elective, legislative body, the Convention, was established.

Under the rule of the Convention, French women

• gained important property rights and the right to a divorce.

• were proclaimed full citizens of the Republic.

• lost economic power to their husbands.

• were legally defined in terms of either their fathers or their husbands.

• were granted the right to vote in national elections.

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as

• a liberal noble who supported the third estate.

• a military hero.

• an opponent of Robespierre.

• a supporter of Marie Antoinette.

• None of these answers is correct.

In general, Napoleon championed

• political freedom but not social equality.

• equality under the law but not political freedom.

• freedom of expression but only for the aristocracy.

• all the rights of citizenship proclaimed by the National Assembly.

• the restoration of the ancien régime.

Which of the following is NOT a correct explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded?

• Five hundred gens de couleur were veterans of the American revolution.

• The large maroon population supported the revolution.

• Toussaint Louverture was an effective strategist.

• The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces.

• The French army was struck down with yellow fever.